10 Marker Flashcards
Outline cultural deprivation
Cultural deprivation refers to the working class lacking cultural resources such as attitudes, values, behaviour knowledge and skills which the working class possess.
Explain cultural deprivation (p1)
Bereiter & Engelmann > language used in low income families is deficient. As a result of this children fail to develop the necessary language skills and are incapable of abstract thinking, therefore they are unable to take advantage of the opportunities education offers.
Bernstein - identified differences in language between wc and middle class , wc use restricted code, mc use elaborated which places them at an educational advantage
Bereiter + Engelmann (p1)
The language used in low income family homes is deficient. Due to this children lack the necessary language skills and are incapable of abstract thinking. As a result they are unable to take advantage of all the opportunities education offers compared to the middle class.
Bernstein (p1)
Bernstein identified the differences in language between the wc and mc. He suggests the wc speak in restricted code; context bound and particularistic; the speaker assumes the listen has the same experiences and particularistic meanings as them so they do not explicitly spell out what they are trying to say. It contains very limited vocabulary and is based on grammatically simple and short sentences. The mc speak in elaborated code which is context free; the speaker does not assume the listener has the same particularistic meanings or experiences as themselves and explicitly spells out what they are trying to say. This contains a wider vocabulary and is based off of grammatically complex sentences, using this speech code allows the mc to use more varied speech and effectively communicate abstract ideas. This places working class children at an educational disadvantage compared to middle class as the elaborated code is used by teachers, textbooks and assessments in school.
Criticism of cultural deprivation (p1)
Labov 1961 who researched low income Afro Caribbean American families suggests the working class language is not inferior, just different, he also found that ‘’mc pupils tend to waffle” and add unnecessary information whereas wc pupils were more effective when making their point.
Cultural deprivation (P2)
Working class parents value their children’s education less compared to the middle class.
Douglas - wc parents don’t encourage their children
Hyman- wc have created a self imposed barrier to educational and career succession, as they place little value on achieving highly rewarding careers and as a result believe there is no need for education
Sugarman - wc have fatalistic, immediate gratification, present time orientation.
Hyman (p2)
The working class have a self imposed barrier to careers and educational success. They place little value on earning highly rewarding careers and as a result beleive there is no need for education.
Douglas (p2)
Working class parents don’t value their children’s education as much as the middle class, they do not encourage their children’s much and tend to show less interest such as being unlikely to attend parents evenings, interact with their children or help with homework, this causes their children to loose motivation resulting in poor performance and overall low achievement.
Sugarman (p2)
The working class have values and attitudes which causes them to underachieve such as being fatalistic; believing their place in society is fixed despite how much effort they put into getting a rewarding job. Wc also seek immediate gratification and will leave education early such as at the age of 16 to enter a low paying job than staying in further education and investing time and effort into their future. They are present time orientated which suggests they consider the present to be more important than the future and do not make long term plans or investments, as a result they will not be able to gain a successful career such as a lawyer or banker.
Criticism of cultural deprivation (p2)
The idea all working class families possess these attitudes has been criticised , as not all have fatalistic or present time orientated values. Wc parents are concerned with their children’s education just as much as Mc parents are. Wc Parents may not engage as much with their children’s education or attend parents evenings due to having evening shifts or inflexible work hours. The working class do not have the luxury of taking time off work like the mc.
One criticism of cultural deprivation
Labov 1961 suggest wc do not have deficient values compared to the working class, just different , in addition to this working class students have been seen to communicate their points more effectively than the middle class who tend to “waffle” and add irrelevant information.
A second criticism of cultural deprivation
The idea working class families have different values to middle class families has been criticised. Not all wc families tend to have fatalistic or present time orientated attitudes, they are just as concerned with their children’s education as middle class parents are however the wc have inflexible jobs or working evening shifts compared to the middle class they do not have the luxury of taking time off work.
Outline one feature of cultural deprivation
Language - bereiter & engelmann- language used in wc families is deficient and as a result of this children fail to develop the necessary language skills and are incapable of abstract thinking and unable to take advantage of the opportunities education offers.
