4.2: Introduction to Signal Transduction Flashcards
What are the components of a signal transduction pathway?
Ligands (chemical messenger), receptors protein (receive ligand),
What occurs during the process of reception?
Detection of a signal molecule coming from outside the cell
What occurs during the process of transduction?
Convert the signal to a form that can bring about a cellular response
What is a phosphorylation cascade?
They amplify the signal.
How are proteins modified during the process of transduction?
It depends on which parts of the DNA sequence are expressed.
Identify three possible cellular responses.
-cell growth, secretion of molecules, gene expression
What is the role of the ligand in the signal transduction pathway?
It is the chemical messenger
What is the role of the receptor in the signal transduction pathway?
Receives the ligand
Where does the ligand bind on the receptor?
the ligand binding domain of the receptor.
How are signals amplified after reception?
By a phosphorylation cascade
Why would a cell respond differently to the same chemical system?
DIffering gene expression
What occurs with a G-coupled receptor after binding to a ligand?
A hormone binds to the receptor. This activates a G protein inside of the cell. From there, the g-protein activated adenylate cyclase which leads to ATP to cAMP to a protein kinase.
Identify the function of a second messenger and two examples
They relay and amplify the intracellular signal. Ex: cyclic AMP
How does a ligand binding to a channel cause a cellular response?
The intracellular domain of the receptor protein changes shape, leading to release of an activated G protein.
