Posterior Thigh, Popliteal Fossa and Posterior Leg

Question 1

What are the 3 Glutei muscles?

Answer 1

Glutei Maximus, Medius, Minimus

Question 2

G Maximus: Insertion, Action and Innervation?

Answer 2

I: Iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur
A: Extension of the thigh
I: Inferior Gluteal Nerve

Question 3

What are action and innervation of Gluteus Medius and Minimus?

Answer 3

A: ABduction of lower limb
I: Superior Gluteal Nerve

Question 4

What is usual function of abductors of hip joint?

Answer 4

Hold pelvis level when taking off one foot from ground

Question 5

Where do the gluteal vessels and nerves emerge from?

Answer 5

Greater Sciatic Foramen

Question 6

Sciatic Nerve: Roots, Innervation and Bifurcation?

Answer 6

R: L4-S3
I: Muscles of posterior thigh and hamstring of adductor magnus
B: Tibial and Fibular (Peroneal) nerves

Question 7

What 3 muscles make up the hamstrings?

Answer 7

1) Lateral: Biceps femoris

2) Medial: Semimembranosus and Semitendinosus (Sup to memb)

Question 8

What is the action and innervation of muscles in posterior thigh?

Answer 8

A: Extension at hip and flexion at knee
I: Sciatic Nerve L4-S3

Question 9

Where does biceps femoris insert?

Answer 9

Head of Fibula

Question 10

What muscles form the superior borders of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 10

S-M: Semimembranosus Muscle

S-Lat: Biceps femoris

Question 11

What muscles form the inferior borders of popliteal fossa?

Answer 11

I-M: Medial head of gastrocnemius

I-L: Lateral head of gastrocnemius and plantaris

Question 12

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa? (4)

Answer 12

1) Popliteal Artery
2) Popliteal Vein
3) Tibial Nerve
4) Common Peroneal (Fibular) nerve

Question 13

What artery and veins develop into the popliteal arteries and veins?

Answer 13

Artery: Femoral (Through adductor canal)
Vein: Great Saphenous

Question 14

Where is surface anatomy of sciatic nerve and what does a transection of it cause?

Answer 14

SM: Lower medial quadrant of buttock
SN: Loss of hamstring function and of muscles below the knee

Question 15

What are the 2 superficial muscles in posterior compartment of thigh?

Answer 15

Soleus

Gastrocnemius

Question 16

What are the actions of gastrocnemius?

Answer 16

1) Plantarflexion at ankle

2) Flexion at the knee

Question 17

What do Gastrocnemius and Soleus combine to form?

Answer 17

Calcaneal Tendon

Question 18

What is the action of soleus?

Answer 18

Plantarflexion

Question 19

What is posterior leg innervated by?

Answer 19

Tibial Nerve

Question 20

What are the 4 deep muscles in posterior leg?

Answer 20

1) Tibialis Posterior
2) Flexor Hallucis Longus
3) Flexor Digitalis Longus
4) Popliteus

Question 21

How many tarsal bones are there in total? (And names of them?)

Answer 21

7:

Calcaneus, Talus, Navicular, Cuboid, Lateral, Intermediate and Medial Cuneiforms

Question 22

What is compartment syndrome?

Answer 22

Bleeding, oedema and infection increase pressure of a compartment.
Increased pressure leads to blood flow causing ischaemia