Peritoneum and Abdominal Cavity

Question 1

Which 2 vertical lines divide abdomen into 9 regions?

Answer 1

MCL that extend to mid-inguinal point

Question 2

Which 2 horizontal lines divide abdomen into its 9 regions?

Answer 2

UPPER: Subcostal: Joins lower CC margins
LOWER: Intertubercular: Connects iliac crests

Question 3

Where is the transpyloric plane found?

Vertebral level?

Answer 3

Half way between suprasternal notch and pubic symphysis (Found at L1)

Question 4

What does the transtubercular plane connect? (vertebral level?)

Answer 4

Iliac crests of the pelvis

L4

Question 5

Describe the intercristal plane?

Answer 5

Highest points of pelvis at the back

Question 6

What vertebral level is I-C Plane and significance?

Answer 6

1) Between L4&5

Space used for lumbar punctures/epidurals

Question 7

What is subcostal plane marker for?

Answer 7

End of Spinal Cord and Superior Mesenteric artery

Question 8

What is McBurney’s point and significance?

Answer 8

1) 2/3 way along from umbilic to RASIS

2) Marks base of appendix

Question 9

What are the 3 flat muscles of abdominal wall? What directions

Answer 9

1) EO (Down and in)
2) IO (Up and in)
3) TA (Horizontally)

Question 10

Origin and Insertion of EO?

Answer 10

1) Lower 8 & Thoraco-lumbar fascia

2) Pubic crest, P tubercle, iliac crest, linea alba

Question 11

Origin and Insertion of IO?

Answer 11

1) T-L Fascia, Iliac crest, lateral 1/2 inguinal lig

2) Linea alba and pubic tubercle

Question 12

Origin and Insertion of TA?

Answer 12

1) T-L Fascia, Iliac crest, lateral 1/2 inguinal lig

2) Linea alba and pubic tubercle

Question 13

What are the fibrous intersections of RA? AND attachments?

Answer 13

1) Tendinous Intersections

2) Rectus sheath, pubis, CC

Question 14

5 structures inside Rectus Sheath?

Answer 14

1) RA
2) S&I Epigastric arteries
3) S&I Epigastric veins
4) Veins
5) Lymphatics

Question 15

What is the inferior epigastric artery a branch of?

Answer 15

The external iliac artery.

Question 16

What is the internal thoracic artery a branch of? And what does it supply?

Answer 16

It is a branch of the subclavian artery and it supplies the anterior chest and abdominal wall and also the breasts.

Question 17

What is a dermatome? AND where in abdominal wall?

Answer 17

1) Area of skin supplied by nerves from SSR

2) T7 –> L1

Question 18

Why is pain localised if involves peritoneum?

Answer 18

It has the same sensory nerve supply as skin

Question 19

What epithelium lines the abdominal cavity?

Answer 19

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 20

What is the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 20

Potential space between V and P peritoneum, with peritoneal fluid

Question 21

What is a retroperitoneal organs and name the 6?

Answer 21

1) Organ that only has anterior surface covered by peritoneum (Lie behind)
2) DADPOK (Duodenum, asc, desc colon, pancreas, oesophagus, kidneys)

Question 22

What is intraperitoneal organ and name the 6.

Answer 22

1) Organ fully covered in VP, suspended in the P Cavity

2) SALTSS (sigmoid appendix liver TC, stomach SI)

Question 23

What does the greater Omentum attach to?

Answer 23

Greater curvature of the stomach

Question 24

What is name for peritoneal cavity being distended by fluid?

Answer 24

Ascites

Question 25

Describe the position and folding of the greater omentum in the peritoneal cavity.

Answer 25

It hangs down like an apron and then folds back on itself meaning there are 4 layers. The posterior 2 layers go on to enclose the transverse colon (transverse mesocolon) and then form the parietal peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wall.

Question 26

What is the ligamentum teres formed from?

Answer 26

Umbilical vein