Introduction to Respiratory and Cardiovascular

Question 1

Term for listening to heart with stethoscope?

Answer 1

Auscultate

Question 2

Difference between 2 lung lobes and what are they separated by?

Answer 2

Right Lung: 3 Lobes, Left Lung: 2 Lobes

Separated by fissures

Question 3

Describe the descending structure of the neck (3)

Answer 3

1) Hyoid Bone
2) Thyroid Cartilage (Laryngeal Prom)
3) Cricoid Cartilage (C-T Membrane)

Question 4

Positions of the chest to hear 4 heart valves?

Answer 4

1) Aortic: Right Sternal (2IS)
2) PV: L Sternal
3) TV: LSEdge (4IS)
4) MV: RSEdge (5IS)

Question 5

Where and why is smooth muscle found in the Respiratory System? (2)

Answer 5

1) Bronchi and Bronchioles

2) Can change airway based on O2 demand due to change in level from OC

Question 6

How many Bronchopulmonary segments in the lungs?

Answer 6

10

Question 7

How many and types of fissures on each lung?

Answer 7

1) RL: Oblique and Horizontal

2) LL: Oblique

Question 8

Blood vessels found in the Hilum? (3)

Answer 8

1) Bronchial Artery
2) Pulmonary Artery
3) Pulmonary Veins (x2)

Question 9

How many types of Pleurae?

Answer 9

1) Parietal (Outer)
2) Visceral (Inner)
(Pleural Cavity inbetween with serous fluid)

Question 10

3 dimensions that Thorax changes to decrease TC?

Answer 10

1) Diaphragm (S–>I)
2) Lungs (L)
3) Lungs (A–>P)

Question 11

Function of Parasympathetic Fibres in lungs?

Answer 11

Run vertical to move diaphragm (Contain tendons so don’t contract)

Question 12

Why do lots of muscles connect to the first rib?

Answer 12

Pull 1st rib up, which then lifts up rest of ribs and sternum

Question 13

Difference between EIM and IIM?

Answer 13

IIM found deeper and run at 90 degree

Question 14

Which muscles help squash TC?

Answer 14

1) Scapula
2) Pectoralis Major
3) Latissimus Dorsi

Question 15

What are the 2 circuits the heart sends blood into?

Answer 15

1) Pulmonary (Lungs)

2) Systemic (Rest of the Body)

Question 16

What happens at the RA?

Answer 16

Receives DOB from VC’s and has TV. Then to RV and PA (Splits into L&R)

Question 17

What happens at the LA?

Answer 17

OB from PV and has MV. Then to LV and A

Question 18

Four surfaces of Heart?

Answer 18

1) S-C (Front) (RA&V)
2) Diaphragmatic (V’s)
3) RHS/LHS
4) Inferior (RA)

Question 19

Two Pericardium types?

Answer 19

1) Serous: Smooth contours to the heart

2) Fibrous: Encases and Protective Membrane

Question 20

What do CA’s do and where are they found?

Answer 20

1) Supply respective side of heart with blood

2) Found in grooves between A&V

Question 21

What happens as Pressure in Cardiac Muscle increases?

Answer 21

Pressure in Aorta V, PA LCA V, so won’t flow into muscle (Except in diastole)

Question 22

What is an Angiogram used for?

Answer 22

Used to examine inside of the CA, X-ray shows up parts which don’t absorb

Question 23

Why is X-Ray a negative image?

Answer 23

Easier for brain to see, so dense stuff appears white/light and air black

Question 24

What are the peaks and troughs in an ECG?

Answer 24

1) Peak: Ionic Movement

2) Restoring the AP in cells (takes longer)

Question 25

Which 3 thorax areas appear white and why?

Answer 25

1) Heart: Muscle and blood
2) Abdomen: Tissue
3) Bones: Calcium

Question 26

Why does the RL appear lighter?

Answer 26

More dense, as less air

Question 27

What happens if object closer to surface or X-ray found to be further away?

Answer 27

Lower magnification will result