Muscles of Back, Arm and Palm of Hand structure

Question 1

What are the 5 major (superficial) back muscles?

Answer 1

1) Trapezius
2) Latissimus Dorsi
3) Rhomboid Major
4) Rhomboid Minor
5) Levator scapulae superioris

Question 2

What innervates the trapezius (and SCM) muscle? And what is its action?

Answer 2

1) CN 11 - Spinal Accessory

2) Elevates scapula and rotation during abduction of arm

Question 3

Which rhomboid muscle is found most superiorly?

Answer 3

Minor

Question 4

What are the 4 rotator muscles and collective function?

Answer 4

1) Supraspinatus 2) Infraspinatus 3) Subscapularis 4) Teres Minor
- Gives additional stability to the shoulder joint

Question 5

What is the origin and insertion of rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 5

Origin: Scapula
Insertion: Humeral Head

Question 6

What is the function and insertion of the deltoid muscle?

Answer 6

F: Abduct, flex and extend the arm
I: Deltoid tuberosity of the Humerus

Question 7

What is the action of Rhomboid major?

Answer 7

Retract scapula when combined w/ trapezius

Question 8

What is the quadrilateral space created by?

Answer 8

Long head of triceps, axillary nerve, teres major and teres minor and Humerus

Question 9

What is the large nerve on arm?

Answer 9

Ulnar nerve (Acts as funny bone when hit)

Question 10

What is Serratus anterior function and innervation?

Answer 10

Protraction of the shoulder

Long thoracic nervw

Question 11

Where are T Major and Minor found?

Answer 11

Behind the long head of the triceps

Question 12

What is the glenoid cavity?

Answer 12

Shallow depression of a bone, for which another can form a connection

Question 13

What are the 3 main groups of bones in the hand?

Answer 13

1) Carpal (8 bones)
2) Metacarpal
3) Phalanges (3 per finger) (2 per thumb)

Question 14

Why is the skin of palm to underlying CT?

Answer 14

Prevent skin from slipping off hand whilst gripping

Question 15

What is the Superficial Palmar arch and what forms it?

Answer 15

Arterial arcade to give off 4 digital branches to fingers

Made mostly by Ulnar artery (RA a little)

Question 16

Where is the thenar eminence and actions of muscles?

Answer 16

Base of the thumb

Fine movements of the thumb

Question 17

What are the 3 thenar muscles?

Answer 17

Abductor pollicis Brevis
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Opponens pollicis

Question 18

What is the role of the lumbricals?

Answer 18

Bend metacarpophalangeal joints

Straighten interphalangeal joints

Question 19

What are the 4 proximal carpal bones?

Answer 19

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform

Question 20

What are the 4 distal carpal bones?

Answer 20

Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Question 21

What are the 2 main bits of tendon at the start of the palm of the hand?

Answer 21

Palmaris Longus
Flexor retinaculum (Deep)

Question 22

What are the 2 arterial hand blood supply?

Answer 22

Ulnar: Forms superficial palm arch (Fascia and tendons of fingers)
Radial: Anatomical snuff box -> 1st WS -> Deep palmar arch (Tendons and bones of palm)
(However both connected, if 1 damaged other can supply)

Question 23

What type of membrane do finger tendons have?

Answer 23

Synovial

Question 24

What is a vincula?

Answer 24

Connective tissue connecting flexor tendon to phalanx bone

Question 25

What are interossei used for?

Answer 25

Supplied by deep branch of ulnar nerve

1) Dorsal: Abduct (DAB)
2) Palmar: Adduct (PAD)

Question 26

What does the medial nerve supply?

Answer 26

LLOAF

Lateral lumbricals, opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis

Question 27

What does the ulnar nerve supply?

Answer 27

Medial lumbricals, interossei and hypothenar eminence

Question 28

What is the nerve hand distribution?

Answer 28

Radial: Back of hand (Dist IP joints)
Ulnar: Medial 1.5 of hand
Medial: Lateral palm –> Flexor surface, fingertips and nail bed

Question 29

What are the 3 minimi tendons?

Answer 29

1) Flexor digiti minimi brevis
2) Abductor digiti minimi brevis
3) Opponens digiti minimi