Practice

Question 1

whole practice

Answer 1

skill is presented in its entirety not broken down into parts eg golf swing, tennis serve
performer- autonomous
skill- highly organised, discrete, not dangerous, continuous
ad.-fluency/kinaesthesis is developed, creates clear mental image
dis.-can cause info overload, has to be capable of doing full swing

Question 2

whole part whole

Answer 2

the learner attempts the full skill, then practise each subroutine in isolation before being integrated into whole skill
eg front crawl
performer- cognitive
skill- complex, fast
adv.-kinaesthesis is maintained, weak parts can be improved, fluency is maintained
dis.- time consuming, cant use with highly organised skills

Question 3

progressive part

Answer 3

first subroutine is practised and perfected then other parts are added subsequently
eg triple jump
performer- cognitive
skill- low organisation, serial, complex and dangerous

adv. - reduces chance of overlaod, danger reduced, confidence built at each stage
dis. time consuming, cant use with highly organised skill, don’t get kinaesthesis

Question 4

massed practice

Answer 4

continuous practice without rest periods
skill= discrete, closed, self paced, simple
performer= autonomous, motivated,, fit

adv. - motor programmes are formed, improves sports specific fitness, over-learns skill so that it becomes habitual
dis. - causes fatigue so performance may drop, may not physically capable, no time for feedback

eg trampolinist continuously practicing seat drops to make it habitual

Question 5

distributed practice

Answer 5

practice with rest periods included
skill= low organisation, complex, serial, tiring
performer= cognitive, unfit, lacks motivation

adv- allows time for recovery, feedback and mental practice
coach can change practice so the performers don’t get bored
dis- time consuming, may cause negative transfer
eg

Question 6

variable practice

Answer 6

practicing skills in a constantly changing environment
skill= open, externally paced, complex
performer= cognitive

adv.- develops schema/motor programmes, performer gains experience in a range of situations, positive transfer from training to game
dis.- time consuming, info overload, can cause negative transfer
eg playing attack vs defence in a football training drill which can be transferred straight to game situation

Question 7

mental

Answer 7

going over a skill in the mind without moving
can be internal or external
skill= complex, serial
performer= cognitive- mental image of basics of the skill
autonomous- to focus on key strategies/ tactics

adv- performer can see themselves being successful, can rehearse strategies/ tactics, increases confidence
dis- difficult for cognitive performers to do correctly, mental image must be accurate
eg triple jumper may visualise the stages of the jump in their mind before performing it