Stages of learning

Question 1

cognitive stage

Answer 1

beginner
performer begins to create mental image of skill using an accurate demonstration 
mental rehearsal is required
performer uses trial and error 
motor programmes are not yet formed

Question 2

cog feedback

Answer 2

extrinsic from coach to highlight weaknesses
positive to help motivate the performer + help them persevere
some knowledge of results to reinforce successful actions

Question 3

associative stage

Answer 3

performer becomes more proficient and makes less mistakes
movement is smoother and more coordinated
motor programmes start to develop
develops kinaesthesia
compare performance to others
practice and mental rehearsal required to improve

Question 4

asso feedback

Answer 4

kinaesthesia allows intrinsic feedback to be used
extrinsic used to refine actions
can use knowledge of performance

Question 5

autonomous stage

Answer 5

movements are fluent, efficient and habitual due to extensive practice
skills executed automatically without thinking about it
motor programmes fully formed
practice and mental rehearsal still important

Question 6

auto feedback

Answer 6

intrinsic feedback
extrinsic can be negative to correct errors
performer uses knowledge of performance to understand why they were successful or unsuccessful

Question 7

learning plateaus

Answer 7

period during performance where there is no improvement and the performer is not getting any better at a skill

Question 8

causes

Answer 8

• loss of motivation/ boredom
• mental/ physical fatigue
• limit of ability reached
• poor coaching
• incorrect goals set

Question 9

solutions

Answer 9

• set new tasks, use variable practice, offer tangible rewards
• allow performer to rest, use distributed practice
• correct earlier skills, allow performer to compete against others of similar ability
• change coaching methods or try an alternative coach
• use SMARTER to set new goals