10.1

Question 1

1. What is resistance exercise?

Answer 1

It is strength training using weights or elastic bands to overload muscles, aiming to improve strength and endurance.

Question 2

2. How does resistance exercise affect muscle health in hormone-deprived individuals?

Answer 2

It promotes muscle repair and remodeling, counteracting atrophy in postmenopausal women and androgen-deprived men.

Question 3

3. What are the key mechanisms underlying muscle adaptation to resistance training?

Answer 3

Mechanical loading causes micro-damage that triggers repair, increases protein synthesis, and activates satellite cells.

Question 4

4. How does resistance exercise benefit bone health in hormone-deprived populations?

Answer 4

It induces mechanical strain that reduces sclerostin production by osteocytes, promoting osteoblast activity and saving bone mineral density, especially when combined with impact exercise.

Question 5

5. What role do osteocytes play in bone adaptation during resistance training?

Answer 5

They sense mechanical stresses and modulate anabolic processes by regulating factors like sclerostin.

Question 6

6. What evidence supports resistance exercise for improving muscle strength in postmenopausal women?

Answer 6

Studies show that a 12-week resistance program increases muscle volume and strength in postmenopausal women.

Question 7

7. How can resistance exercise alleviate symptoms in osteoarthritis patients?

Answer 7

It reduces knee pain, stiffness, and improves physical function by strengthening the muscles around the joint.

Question 8

8. What advantage does combining concentric and eccentric exercises offer in osteoarthritis management?

Answer 8

A mixed training approach can more effectively lower pain during activities and improve joint function compared to concentric training alone.

Question 9

9. Why is resistance exercise an important non-pharmacological intervention for both bone and muscle health?

Answer 9

It not only counteracts age- and hormone-related declines but also enhances functional capacity and reduces injury risk.

Question 10

10. What is the significance of progressive overload in resistance training?

Answer 10

Gradually increasing the load is essential to continue stimulating muscle hypertrophy and strength gains as adaptation occurs.