drugs Flashcards
(37 cards)
Which lipid‐lowering drugs are used in atherosclerosis management?
Statins – inhibit HMG-CoA reductase to lower LDL.
Which drug inhibits cholesterol absorption in the gut?
Ezetimibe – blocks intestinal cholesterol absorption.
Which drugs increase LDL clearance by inhibiting PCSK9?
PCSK9 inhibitors (e.g., evolocumab) – prevent LDL receptor degradation.
Which drugs lower triglycerides via increased LPL activity?
Fibrates – activate PPAR-α to upregulate lipoprotein lipase.
Which β‑blockers are used for hypertension?
Beta‐blockers (e.g., metoprolol, propranolol) – reduce heart rate and contractility.
Which drugs are ACE inhibitors for hypertension?
ACE inhibitors (e.g., captopril, enalapril) – block angiotensin I conversion to angiotensin II.
Which drugs are used as ARBs in hypertension?
ARBs (e.g., candesartan, telmisartan, irbesartan) – block angiotensin II receptors.
Which drug class causes vasodilation by blocking L-type Ca²⁺ channels?
Calcium channel blockers (e.g., amlodipine) – inhibit Ca²⁺ influx in smooth muscle.
Which anticoagulant acts as a vitamin K antagonist?
Warfarin – inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase to reduce clotting factor activation.
Which anticoagulants potentiate antithrombin III activity?
Heparin and LMWHs (e.g., enoxaparin) – inactivate thrombin and factor Xa.
Which direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) is used for infarction prevention?
Rivaroxaban – a direct factor Xa inhibitor.
Which antiplatelet drug irreversibly inhibits COX-1?
Aspirin – reduces thromboxane A2 synthesis, inhibiting platelet aggregation.
Which antiplatelet drug blocks the P2Y₁₂ receptor?
Clopidogrel – prevents ADP-mediated platelet activation.
Which drugs block GP IIb/IIIa receptors to prevent aggregation?
GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors (e.g., tirofiban, eptifibatide) – block fibrinogen binding.
Which fibrinolytic drug is a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator?
Alteplase – converts plasminogen to plasmin to dissolve clots.
Which fibrinolytic drug non-specifically activates plasminogen?
Streptokinase – promotes plasmin formation to lyse clots.
Which AED is a sodium channel blocker used in epilepsy?
Phenytoin – stabilizes neuronal membranes by blocking Na⁺ channels.
Which AED used for focal seizures also blocks sodium channels?
Carbamazepine – reduces repetitive firing via Na⁺ channel blockade.
Which AED enhances GABA and also blocks sodium channels?
Valproate – increases GABA levels and inhibits Na⁺ channels.
Which antiepileptic drug modulates neurotransmitter release by binding SV2A?
Levetiracetam – modulates synaptic vesicle protein 2A function.
Which benzodiazepine is used as an adjunct for acute seizures?
Diazepam – potentiates GABA-A receptor activity.
Which drug is the gold-standard precursor treatment for Parkinson disease?
L-DOPA – converted to dopamine in the brain.
Which drug is given with L-DOPA to inhibit peripheral conversion?
Carbidopa – inhibits aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase peripherally.
Which dopamine agonist is used in Parkinson’s disease?
Pramipexole – directly stimulates dopamine receptors.
