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World History > 10.1 Industrial Revolution > Flashcards

10.1 Industrial Revolution Flashcards

(69 cards)

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0
Q

Why is industrialization known as a turning point?

A

It changed the way of life for all time

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1
Q

What is the industrialization?

A
  • To help industry or business in a country or society

- An overall change to a current society brought on by a Chang in population

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2
Q

What conditions must exist in a country for it to be industrialized?

A 
Efficient central government
Rich natural resources
Increasing population
Inventive genius/ ready capital
Willing to adopt/ adapt and take chances
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3
Q

When and where did industrialization start?

A

Great Britain; 18th century

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4
Q

What was the significance of agriculture in the I.R.?

A

Improvement by the 1800’s decreased demands for farm labor, people moved to cities and created a largevlabor force

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5
Q

Why was Great Britain a good starting place for the I.R.?

A

It had the 3 factors of production

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6
Q

What were the three factors of production?

A

Land- natural resources
Labor- supply of workers
Capital- money, machinery

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7
Q

What additional things did Britain have to make it a starting point?

A

Harbors (great navy), wealthy people, an abundant supply of workers

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8
Q

When Britain started the textile industry, what was the first thing they underwent?

A

Mechanization- which was the use of machinery

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9
Q

The textile industry replace what?

A

The Domestic System (Cottage Industry), which was making yourself at home

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10
Q

The original textile system was what?

A

Raw cotton collected
Cotton spun into thread
Thread into woven cloths
Cloth sent to towns to be dyed

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11
Q

Efficient central government caused what?

A

Parliament passing laws to protect businesses and helping them expand

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12
Q

2 great natural resources were

A

Iron and steel

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13
Q

Why were iron and steel significant.

A

They were two major raw materials needed for industry and G.B. Had large amounts.

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14
Q

What was the process that helped iron and what did it do?

A

The Bessemer process, which were methods for removing impurities from iron to make it stronger, reduced production, inventive genius

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15
Q

Flying shuttle

A

John Kay

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16
Q

Spinning Jenny

A

James Hargreaves

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17
Q

Modern steam engine

A

James watt

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18
Q

What factored in for the steam engine to work?

A

Location and seasons

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19
Q

Water powered spinning machine

A

Rich Arkwright

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20
Q

Power loom

A

Edmund Cartwright

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21
Q

Cotton gin

A

Eli Whitney

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22
Q

Who built the first road and what is a turnpike?

A

Mcadam; privately built roads that charged a fee to travelers

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23
Q

Trevithick

A

1st steam engine

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24
Rocket locomotive
Stephenson
25
Steamboat
Fulton; named Clermont
26
When did boats start crossing the Atlantic?
1838
27
When was rubber used..
1800s
28
When did Goodyear use vulcanizing rubber?
1839
29
When did we use gas to light streets and homes?
1850s
30
Volta
First battery
31
Armpire
Electric current
32
Morse
Telegraph
33
Field
Trans-Atlantic cable
34
Why was development so slow in Europe?
No raw materials The end of the French Revolution and people were recovering GB had a monopoly on export of machines and skilled workers
35
Industrial rev began in __________ because it's __________ of ___________ which were __________,___________, and ___________. The __________ revolution allowed the industrial revolution. Replacement of water by __________. Better _____________ and ____________ allowed for growth of ideas and movement of people.
Great Britain; factors; production; land; labor; capital; agricultural; steam; communication; transportation
36
What is Urbanization?
Mass migration or the movement of people to cities
37
Why do people move?
Changes in farming ( the enclosure movement) Population growth ( excess labor force) Mass migration
38
What effect did machines have on the way work was done
Training time was shorter and people were easier to train | Women and children could work as well as men (didn't demand higher wages)
39
How were wages determined?
Number of hours or goods produced Competition for jobs Need for certain people can increase wages Needs of workers- men (bread winners)
40
How were people's lives changed on the job!
``` Many rules 14 hour days 6 days a week Noisy dirty, no safety 5 year olds were sent to work in mines, mills- abusive Women were cheaper to hire than men ```
41
Downside to women working?
Away from the family for 12 hours
42
How did urbanization effect their living conditions?
Monotonous- something repeatedly Cramped tenants, starvation Life expectancy was 35 years
43
People in the new middle class were obvious because
Living conditions, dress, schooling, property, political awareness
44
The middle class were people who, and inventors who?
People who invested in factories | Inventors who developed new technologies
45
Middle class lived in
Nice houses, lady like and to the standard of living
46
The middle class took roles in
Parliament
47
Middle class believed that people who worked in the factories were
Lazy because they did not apply themselves. The needed to "get ahead" and work hard, make sacrifices. I'm better than you attitude
48
How did the IR effect the working class?
Methodism- John Wesley ( taught about the bible, sober up.
49
City conditions Air Noise
Air was always polluted Noise from factories all the time- day and night All around poor living conditions
50
Tenements
Multistory buildings divided into crowded apartments
51
What was living in a tenement like?
No running water No sewage or sanitation system- waste and garbage rotted in streets Diseases spread easily (rats, fleas, etc.)
52
Monopoly was
1 person owning everything
53
Adam smith wrote
The wealth of nations
54
Adam smith encouraged free market; laissez faire which wS
Hands off; leaving things alone; no government influence
55
Laws of supply and demand
Prices were fixed according to demand (if scarce pay more so profits increase and supply exceeds amount)
56
Law of competition
To get people to buy, must decrease price or improve quality ( think car strip)
57
Thomas Malthus wrote
The essay on principle of population; an increase to population is an obstacle to human progress so misery and poverty are inevitable (pop. Outpaces food supply)
58
David Ricardo wrote and believed
The iron law of wages; wages are high,labor is low Nd families have more kids which means higher labor and lower wages and unemployment People should Improve on own without any assistance from the government
59
Jeremy Bentham believed in utilitarianism which was
The goal of a society should be the greatest happiness for the greatest number of citizens
60
Socialism
Where people as a whole, rather than private individuals, would work and operate the map earns of production
61
Socialism helped
Farms, factories, railways and other businesses that produce goods This got rid of entrepreneurs or inventors who made it rich Believed government should be for all members, not just the rich
62
Utopia is
A perfect society
63
What happened in a utopia
All work was shared and all property owned in common | There was no difference between rich and poor
64
Robert Owen.
A utopian socialist who created child labor laws, a labor union, and inferred that they would be more productive if they were treated well
65
Karl Marx wrote what
Wrote the communist manifesto
66
Karl Marx argued that the entire course of history was a struggle between the haves and the have nots....
Haves controlled society/government/production - bourgeoise Have nots were the working class -proletariat
67
The truth about Marxism
It did not work in Europe or the US- nationalism and reforms won out
68
What is puddling?
The process in which coke derived from coal is used to burn away impurities in crude iron to produce high quality iron.

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