Chapter 8 Flashcards
Verstehen
To understand
Thirteen colonies from bottom to top, left to right
New Hampshire New York Massachusetts Connecticut Rhode Island Pennsylvania New Jersey Maryland Delaware North Carolina South Carolina Georgia
Ethnocentric
Judging by our own standards can lead to negative evolutions and to “our way is right”
Categories of ethnocentricity
Food
Religion
Leadership
Omen
Anything perceived or happening that is believed to portend a good or evil event or circumstance in the future
Can be in a form of natural events such as storms, earthquakes, and tsunamis and are usually predicted to cause a subsequent event.
No origin of omens.
Portend
To fortell/forecast (term from the 1400-1500)
Superstitions
Irrational fears of what is unknown or mysterious. Customs or acts based on a belief, not based on reason or knowledge. (1300-1400 term)
Refers to the belief that a ritual or activity can have a positive or negative impact on events to come.
Notes on superstitions
Mental instincts sway our reason no matter how far we advance in science or technology
They are mans way of explaining the nature of good and evil
What effects do superstitions and omens have on us?
The value in superstition and rituals is the boost of confidence and the sense of control they provide. If you believe doing a specific action will make you perform better, then you most likely will
- athletics
- speeches
- arts
Values
Standards by which we define good, bad, or ugly
Norms
Expectations or rules of behavior that develop from values to enforce values
7 Great Enlightenment philosophers
Montesquieu, Rousseau, Diderot, Voltaire, Adam smith, Locke, Hobbes
What did the enlightenment follow?
Middle Ages of kingdoms
Feudalism divided in Europe
Monarchs and absolute rulers
Renaissance
“Rebirth” in classical learning (Greek)
Began to question certain things
- government
- church
Galileo’s belief
Built on the heliocentric idea
- first European to use a telescope
- found heavenly bodies were orbs of life made of material substance
- the church forced the abandonment of his ideas
What were some inventions during the enlightenment?
- printing press
- compass
- gun powder
Inventions like the printing press (______________) allowed the rapid exchange of ideas and knowledge that led to what?
-Johannesburg Gutenberg
- scientific revolution(1500-1600)
- age of exploration (travels of Marco Polo)
- Protestant reformation (Wittenberg)
What did the compass do?
Allowed European navigators to take long voyages leading to new trade routes. Including the colonization of the Americas and the Atlantic slave trade
Gun powder
Affected warfare in Europe and helped small groups like the conquistadors to defeat the Aztecs and the incas
Peter the great of Russia and Louis XIV of France
Believed right over religion (divine with God) moved in the direction of absolutism
When new ideas spread quickly, what do governments an pd church leaders do to support the old order?
Censorship
Enlightened despot
Absolute rulers who made political/social change
- held all power
Despot
Synonyms
Ruler who holds absolute power. Exercises cruel or oppressive.
Tyrant dictator
3 greatest despots
Fredrick ll the great of Prussia
Catherine II the great of Russia
Joseph II of Austria-hapsburgs
