Chapter 2

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

Basic unit of an element that can enter into chemical combination

Question 2

Radiation

Answer 2

The emission and transmission of energy through space in the form of waves

Question 3

Electrons

Answer 3

Negatively charged particles

Question 4

Radioactivity

Answer 4

Spontaneous emission of particles and/or radiation

Question 5

Alpha

Answer 5

Positively charged particles (deflected by positively charged plates)

Question 6

Beta rays

Answer 6

These are electrons and are deflected by negatively charged plates

Question 7

Gamma rays

Answer 7

Like x rays. Have no charge and are not affected by an external field

Question 8

Protons

Answer 8

Positively Charged particles in the nucleus

Question 9

Neutrons

Answer 9

Electrically neutral particles having a mass slightly greater than that of protons

Question 10

Atomic number

Answer 10

The number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an electron

In a neutral atom, the number of electrons and neutrons are equal (so atomic number is the same number as well)

Question 11

Mass number

Answer 11

Total number of neutrons and protons present in the nucleus of an atom of an element

Question 12

Isotopes

Answer 12

Atoms that have the same atomic number but different mass numbers

Question 13

Molecule

Answer 13

Aggregate of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by chemical forces (aka a chemical bond)

Question 14

Polyatomic molecules

Answer 14

Molecules containing more than two atoms

Like H2O and ammonia (NH3)

Question 15

Chemical formulas

Answer 15

Expresses the composition of molecules and ionic compounds in terms of chemical symbols

Question 16

Molecular formula

Answer 16

Shows the exact number of atoms of each element in the smallest unit of a substance

Question 17

Allotrope

Answer 17

This is one of two or more distinct forms of an element

Question 18

Organic vs inorganic compounds

Answer 18

Organic contain carbon with some kind of other element like hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur

Question 19

Compounds

Answer 19

Composed of atoms of more than one element

Question 20

A chemical reaction

Answer 20

Separation, combination or rearrangement of atoms (but neither created nor destroyed here)

Question 21

Atomic number

Answer 21

Number of protons in nucleus

Question 22

Isotopes

Answer 22

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Question 23

Proust’s Lw of definite proportions

Answer 23

chemical compound always contains its component elements in fixed ratio (doesnt matter how the sample was obtained)

Question 24

Law of multiple proportions

Answer 24

Ratios of small whole numbers in masses of compounds

Question 25

How to find number of protons?

Answer 25

Protons equal the atomic number

Bottom Number

Question 26

How to find number of neutrons?

Answer 26

Mass number (atomic mass) minus protons (aka atomic number)

Mass number is top number (so top minus bottom)

Question 27

How to find number of electrons

Answer 27

Atomic number (bottom number) minus charge

If it is neutral it just equals the atomic number (aka number of protons)

Question 28

What is the atomic number on the periodic the same as?

Answer 28

This is the same number as the number of protons

Question 29

Ionic compounds

Answer 29

Metals and nonmetals

Question 30

Molecular compounds

Answer 30

Two nonmetals or nonmetals and meralloids

Question 31

Guide rule for writing formulas

Answer 31

Electrical neutrality (charges to be equal)

Question 32

Mono prefix

Answer 32

1

Question 32

Di prefix

Answer 32

2

Question 32

Tetra prefix

Answer 32

Four

Question 33

Penta prefrix

Answer 33

Five

Question 34

Hexa

Answer 34

6

Question 35

Hepta

Answer 35

7

Question 36

Octa

Answer 36

8

Question 37

Nona

Answer 37

9

Question 38

Deca

Answer 38

10

P4O10 is tetraphosphorus decaoxide

Question 39

Cation

Answer 39

Positively charged ion

Question 40

Anion

Answer 40

Negatively charged ion