Ch. 1

Question 1

Qualitative

Answer 1

Consisting of general observations about the system

Question 2

Quantitative

Answer 2

Numbers obtained by various measurements of the system

Question 3

Hypothesis

Answer 3

A tentative explanation for a set of observations

Question 4

Law in science

Answer 4

Concise verbal or mathematical statement of a relationship between phenomena that is always the same under the same conditions

Question 5

Theory

Answer 5

A unifying principle that explains a Body of facts and/or those laws that are based on them

Question 6

Matter

Answer 6

Anything that occupies space and has mass

See: ice cubes, books, pen

Cant see- air, oxygen, germs

Question 7

Substance

Answer 7

A form of matter that has a definite composition and distinct properties

Examples: Water, ammonia, sucrose (table sugar), gold

Question 8

Mixture

Answer 8

A combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities

Examples: air, soft drinks, milk and cement

Question 9

Homogeneous mixture

Answer 9

The composition of the mixture is the same throughout

Ex: Sugar in water, rain, vodka, steel, air

Question 10

Heterogeneous mixture

Answer 10

Composition is not uniform

Iron fillings mixed with sand grains, cereal, ice in soda, blood

Question 11

Element

Answer 11

A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means (there are 118 identified so far)

Examples: Calcium, chlorine, copper, bromine…

Question 12

Compound

Answer 12

A substance composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions (water)

Question 13

Two types of matter

Answer 13

Mixtures and substances

Question 14

Two types of mixtures

Answer 14

Homogeneous and heterogeneous

Question 15

Two types of substances

Answer 15

Compounds and elements

Question 16

Three states of matter

Answer 16

Solid, liquid and gas

Question 17

Physical property of matter

Answer 17

Can be measured and observed without changing the composition or identity of a substance

physical change: frost forms, silver fork tarnishes

Question 18

Chemical property of matter

Answer 18

To observe a property you have to carry out a chemical change

Chemical changes: cornstalk grows after seed is watered

Question 19

Mass

Answer 19

Quantity of matter in a given sample of a substance

Question 20

Volume

Answer 20

Defined as length cubed

Question 21

Density

Answer 21

Mass of an object divided by its volume

Intensive property (doesn’t matter how much matter is being considered)

Question 22

Equation for Density

Answer 22

Mass divided by volume

Question 23

Precision

Answer 23

How closely two or more measurements of the same quantity agree with one another

Question 24

Accuracy

Answer 24

How close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity that was measured

Question 25

What is Chemistry?

Answer 25

The study of matter and the changes it undergoes

Question 26

Extrinsic property

Answer 26

Depends on how much is present

Mass, length, volume

Question 27

Intrinsic property

Answer 27

Does not depend on how much matter is being considered

Density, temperature , color

Question 28

Celsius to Kelvin conversion equation

Answer 28

Kelvin = Celsius + 273.15

Question 29

Celsius to Fahrenheit

Answer 29

Fahrenheit = (9/5) * (celsius) + 32

Question 30

Fahrenheit to Celsius

Answer 30

Celsius = (Fahrenheit - 32) * 5/9