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ABD/SMALL PARTS I > CH. 4-6 > Flashcards

CH. 4-6 Flashcards

1
Q

Define metabolism

A

Physical/chemical changes that occur within the body

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2
Q

The ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment

A

Homeostasis

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3
Q

Medical measurements to ascertain how the body is functioning

A

Vital Signs

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4
Q

What are the 4 vital signs

A

temperature
blood pressure
pulse
respiration

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5
Q

What region is the pancreas in

A

epigastrium

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6
Q

What region is the liver in

A

right & left hypochondrium

epigastrium

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7
Q

What region is the spleen in

A

Left hypochondrium

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8
Q

What are the 9 regions of the abdominal cavity

A 
left/right hypochondrium region
epigastrium region
left/right lumbar region
umbilical
left/right iliac fossa
hypogastrium
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9
Q

Dome shaped muscle that separates the thorax from the abdominal cavity

A

diaphragm

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10
Q

What 3 structures pass through the diaphragm into the abdominal cavity

A

aorta
IVC
esophagus

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11
Q

Latin for white line

A

linea alba

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12
Q

Linea alba is a fibrous band that stretches from what to what

A

xyphoid process

symphysis pubis

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13
Q

What is linea alba function

A

serves as attachment for the anterior abdominal wall muscles

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14
Q

The six pack is formed by the

A

rectus abdominis

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15
Q

What cavity is the false pelvis located in

A

lower abdominal

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16
Q

The pouch between the uterus and the bladder is called

A

Vesicouterine pouch or anterior cul de sac

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17
Q

The pouch between the rectum and the uterus is called the

A

rectouterine space
pouch of douglas
posterior cul de sac

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18
Q

What 3 muscles make up the pelvic floor

A

levator ani
coccygeus
piriformis

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19
Q

The pelvis floor muscles are also called the

A

pelvic diaphragm

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20
Q

serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the abdominal viscera

A

peritoneum

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21
Q

If part of the peritoneum is removed or damages, what develops

A

adhesions

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22
Q

What lines the abdominal wall but does not cover an abdominal organ

A

parietal peritoneum

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23
Q

What covers the abdominal organs

A

visceral peritoneum

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24
Q

The space between the the parietal and visceral peritoneum

A

peritoneal cavity

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25
Q

Define ascites

A

Some diseases that cause an abnormal collection of fluid

26
Q

two-layered fold of peritoneum that attaches part of the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall

A

mesentery

27
Q

two-layered fold of peritoneum that attaches the stomach to another viscus organ

A

omentum

28
Q

hangs down like an apron from the stomach in the space between the small intestine and the anterior abdominal wall

A

greater omentum

29
Q

Why are peritoneal recesses and paracolic gutters important

A

frequent locations for fluid and infection to accumulate

30
Q

Define hernia

A

protrusion of part of th3e abdominal contents beyond the normal confines of the abdominal wall

31
Q

What 3 spaces are contained within the retroperitoneum

A

Anterior pararenal
posterior pararenal
perirenal space

32
Q

What contents are located in the anterior pararenal

A

pancreas
ascending/descending colon
majority of duodenum

33
Q

What contents are located in the posterior pararenal

A

fat

vessels

34
Q

What contents are located in the perirenal

A 
kidneys
adrenal glands
lymph nodes
vessels
perirenal fat
35
Q

The best scanning window to utilize during an ultrasound exam is determined by what factors

A 
type of exam
patient position
patient build
gas
area of interest
anatomy
36
Q

How does the sonographer determine which transducer to use

A

type of exam
patient’s body habitus
window available
if smaller footprint is needed

37
Q

What positions may the sonographer ask the patient to assume in order to perform a sonogram

A 
supine
prone
RLD
LLD
RPO
LPO
RAO
LAO
erect
semi-erect
38
Q

List the information that must be included in the labeling of each sonographic image

A

patient position
scanning plane
organ imaging

39
Q

What scan planes are commonly used hen scanning the abdomen

A

sagittal
transvers
coronal
oblique

40
Q

How does the sonographer locate an organ or structure in the abdomen

A

neighboring structures or vasculature as landmarks

41
Q

The celiac axis arises from the anterior aspect of the

A

Aorta

42
Q

What vascular landmarks are seen when the pancreas is imaged in the transverse plane

A

inferior vena cava
splenic vein
superior mesenteric artery
aorta

43
Q

What structures are located in the portal triad

A

portal vein
hepatic artery
common bile duct

44
Q

The aorta bifurcates into the right and left common iliac arteries at approximately the level of the

A

umbilicus

45
Q

What lies anterolateral to the pancreatic head

A

gastroduodenal artery (GDA)

46
Q

What lies posterolateral to the pancreatic head

A

Common bile duct

47
Q

The renal runs what to the IVC

A

posterior

48
Q

What part of the pancreas may be seen between the spleen and the left kidney

A

the tail

49
Q

Define protocol

A

set of guidelines that tell what images are necessary to complete a specific exam. This includes patient prep and set-up instructions

50
Q

List the steps a sonographer should take to ensure that patients receive the highest-quality care possible during their exam

A 
properly identify patient
maintaining confidentiality rules
Patient privacy
providing proper nursing care
maintaining clean/sanitary equipment and examination rooms
51
Q

Can the sonographer change transducers during a sonographic exam?

A

Yes

52
Q

Why must a patient be NPO for a sonogram of the abdomen

A

to avoid bowel gas and a contracted gall bladder

53
Q

In transverse images of the abdomen what should be visible in the most posterior portion of the image

A

vertebral column

54
Q

What structure should be included on transverse images of the liver to ensure that no tissue is being clipped from the image

A

diaphragm

55
Q

What maneuver must the sonographer do with the transducer to see the dome of the liver

A

angel steeply under the edge of the right costal margin towards the right shoulder

56
Q

Describe how the echoes in the liver should look on a sonographic image

A

homogenous

uniform of gray even texture

57
Q

The vessels in the abdomen should be what on the sonogram

A

anechoic

58
Q

If the posterior portion of the liver cannot be seen even at the maximum gain, what should a sonographer do?

A

switch to a lower frequency transducer

59
Q

What maneuvers can the patient do to improve visualization of the liver

A

Take and hold a deep breath

roll on left side

60
Q

What happens to the gall bladder if the patient is not NPO

A

it will be contracted

61
Q

What 3 structures is the Mickey Mouse sign referring to

A

portal triad
main portal vein
hepatic artery
common bile duct

ABD/SMALL PARTS I (9 decks)

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