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ABD/SMALL PARTS I > Prostate Quiz > Flashcards

Prostate Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Prostate gland lies where in relation to the bladder

A

inferior

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2
Q

What runs through the center of the prostate

A

urethra

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3
Q

What does the prostate gland secrete

A

`milky fluid that contributes to the contents of semen

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4
Q

What chemicals does the prostate contain

A

chemicals that activate sperm

natural antibiotic to protect sperm

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5
Q

What are seminal vesicles

A

Storage sacs for sperm

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6
Q

Where are seminal vesicles located

A

Superior end of prostate gland

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7
Q

What happens upon ejaculation

A

Sperm leaves seminal vesicles and passes through prostate gland in the urethra

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8
Q

Another name for Cowper’s glands

A

Bulbourethral glands

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9
Q

What are the Cowpers glands

A

small glands along urethra inferior to prostate gland

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10
Q

What do cowpers glands do

A

secrete fluid that contributes to the seminal fluid volume

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11
Q

What is the Verumontanum

A

junction of the ejaculatory ducts with the urethra

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12
Q

Where is the verumontanum located

A

inferior ro the transitional zone

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13
Q

Measurements of the prostate

A

L: 4cm
W: 4cm
H: 3cm

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14
Q

What are the 4 prostate zones

A

Peripheral
Transitional
Central
Periurethral

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15
Q

Which zone is the largest

A

Peripheral

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16
Q

Where is peripheral located

A

lateral & posterior to urethra

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17
Q

Which zone do most cancers occur in

A

Peripheral zone

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18
Q

Where are the ejaculating ducts located

A

central zone

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19
Q

What zone does cancer rarely occur

A

Central

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20
Q

What zone is smallest in young men

A

Transitional

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21
Q

Area near urethra

A

Transitional zone

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22
Q

What zone is the area affected by Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

A

Transitional

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23
Q

Why does BPH cause problems with urination

A

Because hypertrophy occurs in the area of the prostate that is closest to the urethra

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24
Q

Tissue that lines the prostatic urethra

A

Periurethral Zone

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25
Q

Hypoechoic area next to bladder

A

fibromuscular stroma

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26
Q

What does PSA stand for

A

prostate specific antigen

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27
Q

Normal PSA

A

less than 4.0

28
Q

Intermediate PSA

A

4-10

29
Q

Abnormal PSA

A

greater than 10

30
Q

What happens to PSA as men age

A

it rises

31
Q

An increase in PSA greater than what in a year is abnormal

A

20%

32
Q

PSA density equals

A

PSA/prostate gland volume

33
Q

What is PSA Density used for

A

calculation done to predict probability of prostate cancer

34
Q

What is the upper limit of normal for PSA density

A

.15

35
Q

Prostate gland volume is

A

L x W x H x .52 (cubic centimeters)

36
Q

What transducer is used for prostate and where is it placed

A

Endocavity

rectum

37
Q

Before sonography, what was done to assess the prostate gland

A

Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)

38
Q

How many samples are taken for prostate biopsy

A

Minimum of 6

39
Q

What are the 6 samples taken for prostate biopsy

A 
Right base
Left Base
Right mid
Left mid
Right apex
Left apex
40
Q

What is the method used for prostate biopsies

A

sextant method

41
Q

Newer technique being utilized for biopsies

A

systematic 5 region prostate biopsy

42
Q

What other samples are taken along with sextant

A

far lateral peripheral zone

midline

43
Q

Hoe many cores are taken

A

13

44
Q

What is the patient preparation for imaging

A

Clear liquids after 6pm

enema 1 hour before exam

45
Q

What is patient prep for biopsy

A

NPO after 6pm
laxative after dinner night before
enema 1 hr before
prophylactic antibiotic day before

46
Q

Ultrasound patient position

A

Left lateral Decubitus LLD

47
Q

Sonographic appearance of peripheral zone

A

hypoechoic

48
Q

Sonographic appearance of central zone

A

usually echogenic to peripheral zone

49
Q

Sonographic appearance of transitional zone

A

about same as peripheral

50
Q

Sonographic appearance of seminal vesicles

A

anechoic/very hypoechoic

51
Q

Sonographic appearance of Prostate urethra

A

echogenic through midline of gland

52
Q

The gland should be what sonographically

A

symmetrical in shape & echogenicity from one side to the other

53
Q

What is Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

A

enlargement/hypertrophy of the transitional zone

54
Q

BPH may cause

A

urinary obstruction (common with age)

55
Q

BPH sonographic appearance

A

large and round

central portion protrudes anteriorly sometimes appearing to compress peripheral zone

56
Q

BPH symptoms

A 
nocturia
difficulty starting/stopping stream
urinary urge
urinary frequency
can't empty bladder
57
Q

What is TURP

A

procedure to relieve moderate to severe symptoms from enlarged prostate

58
Q

Procedure for TURP

A

Excess prostate tissue blocking urine flow is removed

59
Q

What is prostatitis

A

Inflammation/infection of gland

60
Q

Common cause of recurring urinary tract infection

A

Chronic prostatitis

61
Q

Most common malignancy in men

A

Adenocarcinoma of the prostate

62
Q

Adenocarcinoma percentages

A

70% peripheral
20% transitional
10% central

63
Q

Adenocarcinoma symptoms

A 
frequent urination
urinary urgency
difficulty starting/stopping stream
*elevated acid phosphatase
*elevated for rising PSA
64
Q

Most common characteristic appearance in adenocarcinoma

A

hypoechoic lesion in peripheral zone

65
Q

What is removal of prostate gland

A

prostatectomy

66
Q

Treatments for prostate cancer

A

chemotherapy
cryotherapy
microwave therapy
radiation therapy

ABD/SMALL PARTS I (9 decks)

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