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abd/small parts i > Small Parts Final > Flashcards

Small Parts Final Flashcards

1
Q

Most common thyroid abnormality

A

goiter

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2
Q

right and left loves of the thyroid are connected by the

A

isthmus

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3
Q

where do each of the following structures lie in relation to the thyroid gland: strap muscles

A

anterior and lateral

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4
Q

where do each of the following structures lie in relation to the thyroid gland: sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

anterior and lateral

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5
Q

where do each of the following structures lie in relation to the thyroid gland: longus colli muscle

A

posterior and lateral

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6
Q

What is the most common thyroid malignancy

A

papillary carcinoma

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7
Q

autoimmune disorder of diffuse toxic goiter characterized by bulging eyes

A

graves disease

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8
Q

the normal parathyroid glands should measure less than

A

4mm

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9
Q

The most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is

A

a parathyroid adenoma

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10
Q

The common carotid artery and internal jugular vein are located

A

posterior and lateral in relation to the thyroid

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11
Q

collection of fluid between the layers of the tunica vaginalis

A

hydrocele

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12
Q

most common germ cell tumor and has the best prognosis of testicular malignancies

A

seminoma

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13
Q

majority of undescended testicles are found where

A

inguinal canal

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14
Q

refers to testicle that fails to descend in the scrotum from the pelvis

A

cryptorchidism

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15
Q

Are the majority of intratesticular lesions benign or malignant

A

malignant

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16
Q

form a fibrous skeleton within the breast

A

cooper’s ligaments

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17
Q

most common solid, benign tumor of the breast

A

fibroadenoma

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18
Q

which is more characteristic of a suspicious breast mass, posterior enhancement or a mass which is taller than it is wide

A

taller than wide

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19
Q

the most common malignant neoplasm of the breast in a woman is

A

an invasive ductal carcinoma

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20
Q

refers to a normal thyroid producing the correct amount of thyroid hormone

A

euthyroid

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21
Q

thyroid hormone that is important for maintaining a dense, strong bone matrix by inhibiting calcium breakdown and regulating the blood calcium level

A

calcitonin

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22
Q

hormones which are produced by the thyroid are also known as t3 and t4

A

thyroxine and triiodothyronine

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23
Q

the approximate dimensions of the normal adult thyroid gland are

A

L: 4-6cm
W: 1.5-2cm
D:2-3cm (A/P)

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24
Q

congenital anomaly that presents as a palpable mass in the midline of the neck anterior to the trachea

A

thyroglossal duct cyst

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25
Q

cystic formation in the neck typically lateral to the thyroid gland. it is a remnant of embryonic development

A

branchial cleft cyst

26
Q

the average length of the testis

A

3-5cm

27
Q

The yolksac/germ cell tumor is associated with which increased lab value

A

alphafetoprotein

28
Q

most common cause of acute scrotal pain and tenderness

A

epididymitis

29
Q

most common cause of testicular torision

A

bell-clapper deformity

30
Q

abnormal dilation of the pampiniform plexus of veins, most common on the left side

A

varicocele

31
Q

most common cause of painless scrotal swelling

A

hydrocele

32
Q

storage sacs for sperm located near the base of the prostate gland

A

seminal vesicles

33
Q

what is the formula used to figure the volume of a prostate gland

A

L x W x H x .52 cubic centimeters

34
Q

what amount is considered normal PSA

A

less than 4.0

35
Q

Which is more suspicious for prostate cancer

A

increase since last week

36
Q

what is considered upper normal level for a PSA density

A

0.15

37
Q

what prostate zone does cancer occur in

A

peripheral zone

38
Q

majority of prostate cancer lesions have what echogenicity

A

hypoechoic

39
Q

fat within the breast tissue appears

A

hypoechoic

40
Q

majority of breast cancers begin in the

A

ducts

41
Q

the appearance and composition of breast tissue is affected by what factors

A

genetic makeup
hormonal status
body habitus
age

42
Q

what are the sonographic characteristics used in determining a simple cyst lesion of the breast

A

anechoic
posterior enhancement
well defined borders
good through transmission

43
Q

clinical findings of lumpy, painful, tender breasts that vary with monthly cycles usually represent what pathology

A

fibrocystic condition

44
Q

should the sonographer utilize single or multiple focal zones in order to better image the pylorus

A

multiple

45
Q

when imaging the transverse plane of the pylorus, the transducer will be turned in which plane

A

longitudinal

46
Q

thyroid transducer

A

linear

47
Q

thyroid frequency

A

at least 7.5-10MHz no harmonics

48
Q

thyroid patient position

A

supine

49
Q

aorta type of transducer

A

curved

50
Q

aorta frequency

A

2-5MHz

51
Q

aorta patient position

A

supine

52
Q

what transducer is used for the breast

A

linear

53
Q

what frequency is used for the breast

A

at least 7.5MHz (typically 10-15)

54
Q

3 reasons a breast ultrasound would be ordered

A

further characterization of mammographic masses
evaluation of palpable breast lump
pt with dense breasts

55
Q

name 2 mammographic standard views

A

cranio-caudal (CC)

medio-lateral oblique (MLO)

56
Q

scrotal transducer

A

linear

57
Q

scrotal frequency

A

at least 7.5 MHz

58
Q

gallbladder transducer

A

curved

59
Q

gallbladder frequency

A

2-5 MHz

60
Q

gallbladder patient position

A

supine
LLD
LAO

61
Q

what is the most frequent source of metastatic breast cancer to the breast

A

melenoma

abd/small parts i (9 decks)

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