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ABD/SMALL PARTS I > Ch.8 Vascular > Flashcards

Ch.8 Vascular Flashcards

1
Q

Tiny vessels that connect most arteries and veins

A

capillaries

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2
Q

What carries blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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3
Q

What carries blood toward the heart

A

veins

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4
Q

smallest arterial branches

A

arterioles

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5
Q

smallest venous branches

A

venuoles

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6
Q

layers of vessel wall

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia

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7
Q

What layer is the tunica intima and what tissues is it made of

A

first layer
endothelial cells
connective tissue
elastic fibers

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8
Q

What layer is the tunica media and what tissue is it made of

A

second layer
smooth muscle fibers
elastic tissue
collagenous tissue

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9
Q

What layer is the tunica adventitia and what tissue is it made of

A

third layer
loose connective tissue
bundles of smooth muscle
elastic tissue

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10
Q

Artery of Vein: Thicker Tunica Media

A

Artery

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11
Q

Artery of Vein: Larger diameter

A

vein

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12
Q

Artery of Vein: More Pulsatile

A

artery

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13
Q

Artery of Vein: Collapsible tubes

A

vein

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14
Q

Artery of Vein: Valves prevent backflow of blood

A

vein

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15
Q

Artery of Vein: Faster blood flow

A

artery

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16
Q

Artery of Vein: Thinner Tunica Media

A

vein

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17
Q

Artery of Vein: Aided by skeletal muscle contractions

A

vein

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18
Q

The 3 branches that arise from the aortic aarch are

A

innominate (right brachiocephalic)
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery

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19
Q

List the 4 major branches of the abdominal aorta

A

celiac axis
superior mesenteric artery
renal arteries
inferior mesenteric artery

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20
Q

Anteriorly or Laterally: celiac axis

A

anterior

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21
Q

Anteriorly or Laterally: superior mesenteric artery

A

anterior

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22
Q

Anteriorly or Laterally: renal arteries

A

lateral

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23
Q

Anteriorly or Laterally: inferior mesenteric artery

A

anterior

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24
Q

The aorta bifurcates into the

A

right/left common illiac arterieds

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25
Q

The common illiac arteries divide into

A

internal and external iliac arteries

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26
Q

List the 5 sections of the aorta

A 
Aortic root
Ascending Aorta
Descending Aorta
Abdominal Aorta
Bifurcation
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27
Q

Ultrasound of the aorta is usually used to assess

A 
aortic diameter
aortic aneurysm
possible thrombus
calcification of aortic wall
dissection
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28
Q

What pathology is most commonly assessed with ultrasound

A

aortic aneurysm

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29
Q

Define aortic ectasia

A

absence of the normal tapering of the aorta distally

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30
Q

How does the aorta run un relation to the Inferior Vena Cava

A

left

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31
Q

Where does the vena cava cross? What part of the heart does it enter

A

diaphragm

right atrium

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32
Q

The IVC should be evaluated for what abnormality

A

thrombus

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33
Q

How does having the patient hold their breath change the size of the IVC?

A

causes it to dilate

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34
Q

Dilation of the IVC may be an indication of what disease processes

A

heart problems of the right side

35
Q

In transverse plane, the celiac axis forms what sign

A

seagull

36
Q

The second anterior abdominal aortic branch is the

A

superior mesenteric artery

37
Q

If the angle of the SMA as it arises from the aorta is greater than 15 degrees, it could indicate

A

lymphadenopathy or adenopathy

38
Q

How does the longitudinal SMA run in comparison to the aorta

A

parallel/anterior

39
Q

How does the right renal artery run in comparison to the IVC most of the time

A

posterior

40
Q

The abdominal aorta bifurcates into the

A

right and left common iliac arteries

41
Q

Where does the abdominal aorta bufurcate

A

aorta

42
Q

How do the renal arteries branch off the aorta

A

lateral

43
Q

What level do the renal arteries branch off

A

1st lumbar vertebra

44
Q

What type of organ does a low resistance vessel supply

A

one that needs constant perfusion

45
Q

what do the signs resemble in the transverse image of the hepatic veins draining into the IVC

A

playboy

reindeer

46
Q

The portal Vein is formed by the confluence of the

A

mesenteric vein

splenic vein

47
Q

What artery arises from the celiac trunk, passes anterior to the portal vein to enter the liver at the porta hepatis

A

common hepatic artery

48
Q

Define hepatofugal

A

away from the liver

49
Q

define hepatopetal

A

toward the liver

50
Q

What is the normal direction of flow in the portal vein

A

hepatopetal

51
Q

In case of severe portal hypertension, the blood flow in the portal vein will be

A

hepatofugal

52
Q

The IMA distributes blood to the

A

left transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum

53
Q

The SMA supplies blood to

A

proximal half of the colon

small intestine

54
Q

Doppler is used to detect what characteristics of blood flow

A

presence and absence of flow
direction of flow
flow disturbance pattern
tissue characterization

55
Q

In the sagittal plane, what artery passes posterior to the neck of the pancreas and anterior to the uncinate process of the pancreas

A

SMA

56
Q

What vessel is seen coursing between the aorta and the SMA in the transverse plane

A

left renal vein

57
Q

What factors make a person at high risk for developing an aortic aneurysm

A

over age 60
have hypertension
smokers
have vascular disease

58
Q

What are the 3 predisposing factors for developing an aortic aneurysm

A

arteriosclerosis
syphilis
trauma

59
Q

What predisposing factor for developing an aortic aneurysm is most common

A

arteriosclerosis

60
Q

Define aneurysm

A

permanent localized dilation of an artery with diameter over 1.5 times normal size

61
Q

List the 2 different descriptions used from aneurysms

A

fusiform

saccular

62
Q

What is the accuracy rate for ultrasound in detecting aortic aneurysms if it is done properly

A

98.8%

63
Q

What is the modality of choice for detecting aortic aneurysm

A

ultrasound

64
Q

List the possible locations of an aortic aneurysm

A

infrarenal
perirenal
suprarenal

65
Q

Which is the most common location of an aortic aneurysm

A

infrarenal

66
Q

What is the most common site of rupture of an aortic aneurysm

A

the lateral wall below the renal vessels

67
Q

What is the normal aortic diameter

A

less than 3cm

68
Q

Define aortic dissection

A

separation of the layers of the aortic wall with blood coursing through the “false lumen”

69
Q

What makes a patient more likely to develop an aortic dissection

A

aneurysm
sudden onset chest pain radiating to back
40-60 years of age
more common in males

70
Q

Describe first type of aortic dissection

A

most dangerous

starts at root and can extend length of arch, can cut off arch vessels blood supply

71
Q

Describe second type of aortic dissection

A

Starts at or below the left subclavian and extends down the descending aorta

72
Q

Describe third type of aortic dissection

A

Begins at the lower end of descending aorta, extends into abdominal aorta
danger of spiraling and cutting off blood supply to renal arteries

73
Q

What is arteriovenous fistula

A

an abnormal connection between an artery and vein

74
Q

When the IVC is obstructed, what system takes over and “acts” as the IVC

A

the azygos and/or the hemiazygos system

75
Q

What condition may cause flow in the portal vein to be reversed

A

portal hypertension

76
Q

What is the most common predisposing factor for portal hypertension

A

intrinsic liver disease

77
Q

What are the characteristics of “plug flow”

A

A clear window in spectral wave form, mot of the blood cells are traveling about same velocity across the vessel

78
Q

What constitutes a normal resistive index (good perfusion)

A

0.7

79
Q

What is Budd-Chiari Syndrome

A

thrombosis of the hepatic veins

80
Q

List the clinical signs of Renal vein obstruction

A 
flank pain
hematuria
flank mass
proteinuria
maternal diabetes
transient hypertension
81
Q

What are the sites of spontaneous shunting that naturally decompress portal hypertension

A

gastroesophageal paraumbilical vein
hemorrhoidal anastomosis
retroperitoneal anastomosis

82
Q

The hepatic veins originate in the

A

liver

83
Q

the hepatic veins drain into the

A

IVC

ABD/SMALL PARTS I (9 decks)

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