Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CLS 304 > CH.9 > Flashcards

CH.9 Flashcards

1
Q

true or false: Glomerular renal diseases are usually immune mediated.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

true or false: Vascular disorders induce renal disease by

increasing renal perfusion.

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

true or false: All structural components of the kidney are

equally susceptible to disease.

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

true or false: Tubulointerstitial renal diseases usually result from antibody-antigen and complement interactions.

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In glomerular diseases, morphologic changes in the

glomeruli include

A

cellular proliferation
leukocyte infiltration
glomerular basement mmb thickening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When all renal glomeruli are affected by a morphologic change, this change is described as

A

diffuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In glomerular renal disease, glomerular damage

results from

A

toxic substances induced by immune complex

formation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Clinical features that are characteristic of glomerular damage include

A

edema
hematuria
proteinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which of the following disorders frequently
occurs following a bacterial infection of the skin or
throat?

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which of the following disorders is characterized by
cellular proliferation into Bowman’s space to form
cellular “crescents”?

A

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which of the following disorders is the major cause

of the nephrotic syndrome in adults?

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which of the following glomerular diseases is
the major cause of the nephrotic syndrome in
children?

A

Minimal change disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

true or false: IgA nephropathy often follows a muscosal infection

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Eighty percent of patients who develop chronic
glomerulonephritis previously had some type of glomerular disease. Which of the following disorders is implicated most frequently in the develop-
ment of chronic glomerulonephritis?

A

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chronic renal failure often develops in each of the

following diseases except

A

diabetes insipidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

features characterize the nephrotic syndrome?

A

Proteinuria

  1. Edema
  2. Hypoalbuminemia
  3. Hyperlipidemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When a patient has the nephrotic syndrome, microscopic examination of their urine sediment often reveals

A

waxy cast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

associated with acute tubular necrosis?

A

Antibiotics
Hemoglobinuria
Surgical procedures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which formed element in urine sediment is characteristic of toxic acute tubular necrosis and aids
in its differentiation from ischemic acute tubular
necrosis?

A

proximal tubular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which of the following disorders is characterized by
the urinary excretion of large amounts of arginine,
cystine, lysine, and ornithine?

A

cystinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Generalized loss of proximal tubular function is a

characteristic of

A

fanconi’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which of the following changes is not associated

with renal tubular acidosis?

A

Decreased glomerular filtration rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which of the following disorders is considered a

lower urinary tract infection?

A

cystitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Most urinary tract infections are caused by

A

gram-negative rods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which of the following formed elements when
present in urine sediment is most indicative of an
upper urinary tract infection?

A

casts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The most common cause of chronic pyelonephritis

is

A

reflux nephropathies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Eosinophiluria, fever, and skin rash are characteristic clinical features of

A

acute interstitial nephritis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Cessation of the administration of a drug is the

fastest and most effective treatment for

A

acute interstitial nephritis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Yeast is considered part of the normal flora in each

of the following locations except in the

A

urinary tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Acute renal failure can be caused by all of the

following except

A

acute pyelonephritis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Isosthenuria, significant proteinuria, and numerous
casts of all types describes the urinalysis findings
from a patient with

A

chronic renal failure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Approximately 75% of the renal calculi that form

in patients contain

A

calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The formation of renal calculi is enhanced by

A

increases in chemical salts in the urine

ultrafiltrate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

An overflow mechanism is responsible for the aminoaciduria present in

A

tyrosinuria.

35
Q

Which of the following hereditary diseases results in
the accumulation and excretion of large amounts of
homogentisic acid?

A

Alkaptonuria

36
Q

Which of the following substances oxidizes with
exposure to air, causing the urine to turn brown or
black?

A

Melanin

37
Q 
what do the diseases have in common 
Tyrosinuria
Melanuria
Phenylketonuria
Alkaptonuria
A

related to tyrosine production or metabolism

38
Q

Which of the following diseases can result in severe
mental retardation if not detected and treated in the
infant?

A

Phenylketonuria
Maple syrup urine disease
Galactosuria

39
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of

type 2 diabetes mellitus?

A

The disease usually presents after 40 years of

age.

40
Q

Which of the following abnormalities is not a

clinical feature of an infant with galactosuria?

A

polyuria

41
Q

Galactose is produced in the normal metabolism

of

A

lactose

42
Q

Which of the following features is not a characteristic of diabetes insipidus?

A

Increased production of antidiuretic hormone

43
Q

Porphyria is characterized by

A

increased heme formation.

44
Q

what is the most often immune mediated renal disease

A

glomerular

45
Q

what type of renal disease result from toxic or infectious substances

A

tubular

interstitial

46
Q

what type of renal disease caused by a reduction in renal perfusion that induces morphologic and functional changes in kidney

A

vascular

47
Q

what types of diseases damage the glomeruli

A

immunologic
metabolic
hereditary

48
Q

Systemic disease that initially and principally involve other organs but also affect kidneys

A

secondary glomerular disease

49
Q

Specifically affect kidneys, often only organ involved

A

primary glomerular diseases

50
Q

primary glomerular disease name

A

glomerulonephritis

51
Q

Increased numbers of endothelial and other cells in glomerular tuft

A

cellular proliferation

52
Q

what kind of problem in the glomerulus releases cytokines –> inflammation

A

leukocytic infiltration

53
Q

Includes any process that results in enlargement of basement membrane

A

glomerular basement thickening

54
Q

Accumulation of homogeneous eosinophilic extracellular material

A

Hyalinization with sclerosis

55
Q

RBC in urine

A

hematuria

56
Q

what type of hematuria is RBC in cast

A

acute

57
Q

what type of hematuria is RBC not in cast

A

cronic

58
Q

protein in urine

A

proteinuria

59
Q

volume of urine is less than 400 ml/day

A

oliguria

60
Q

increased nitrogen levels in glomerulus

A

azotemia

61
Q

proteins are in urine there is no force pushing out fluid out at the capillary level

A

edema

62
Q

what type of patients is minimal change disease common in

A

kids

63
Q

describe proteinuria levels in nephrotic syndrome

A

increased

64
Q

what protein are in patients urine with nephrotic syndrome

A

albumin

65
Q

true or false: kidney diseases that affect tubules and interstitium will not cause nephrotic syndrome.

A

true

66
Q

nephritic syndrome

A

damage is within the glomeruli

67
Q

symptoms of nephritic syndrome

A

oliguria

azotemia

68
Q

Autoimmune disorder with immune complex deposits

A

Systemic lupus erythematosus

69
Q

upper urinary track infection have

A

cast

70
Q

upper urinary track infection location

A

in renal pelvis or kidney

71
Q

lower urinary track infection have

A

no cast

72
Q

lower urinary track infection location

A

below kidney

73
Q

Acute pyelonephritis and Chronic pyelonephritis are what type of UTI

A

upper UTI

74
Q

what type of renal failure is classified as prerenal, renal, and post renal

A

acute renal failure

75
Q

how are renal calculi formed

A

aggregates of mineral salts in a matrix of proteins and lipids

76
Q

cystinosis

A

cystine increases -> renal cells die

77
Q

cystinuria

A

renal tubules can not absorb cystine -> cystine goes to urine -> crystalize

78
Q

maple syrup urine disease

A

ketone acids increase

79
Q

phenylketonuria

A

enzyme can’t convert phenylalanine to tyrosine –> blood pH increases

80
Q

alkaptonuria

A

homogentsic acid increases –> urine is dark

81
Q

tyrosinuria

A

can’t absorb tyrosine or produce too much tyrosine –> urine

82
Q

true or false: Porphyria can be inherited or induced.

A

true

83
Q

true or false: Porphyrin precursors are neurotoxins.

A

true

84
Q

true or false: Porphyrins can be dark red or purple.

A

true

CLS 304 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions