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CLS 304 > LEC 7 > Flashcards

LEC 7 Flashcards

1
Q

during a physical analysis of urine what is being looked at

A

cells
crystals
bacteria

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2
Q

why does urine have a yellow color

A

urobilin

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3
Q

what does foam in urine indicate

A

protein

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4
Q

what make urine smell bad

A

ammonia

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5
Q

what do diabetes mellitus patient’s urine smell like and why

A

sweet/fruity b/c of ketones

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6
Q

water to solute ratio in urine

A

95%

5%

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7
Q

what is the confirmation test for specific gravity

A

refractometer

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8
Q

normal osmolality of urine

A

275 to 900 mOsm/kg

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9
Q

normal serum osmolality

A

275 to 300 mOsm/kg

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10
Q

what test can determine osmolality

A

freezing point and vapor pressure

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11
Q

normal ph of urine

A

4.5- 8.0

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12
Q

what does the reagent strip method measure

A

ionic solutes

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13
Q

what protein is the strip test most sensitive to

A

albumin

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14
Q

what conditions would cause proteinuria

A

diabetes

high blood pressure

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15
Q

normal albumin level

A

5-50 mg/day

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16
Q

true or false: glucose is normally seen in urine

A

false

17
Q

describe a clinitest

A

glucose oxidase oxidizes glucose and makes hydrogen peroxide and glycolic acid (purple color)

18
Q

what test confirms glucose in urine

A

clinitest

19
Q

what is the byproduct of lipid metabolism

A

ketones

20
Q

true or false: ketones are found in acidic urine

A

true

21
Q

what ketone can not be detected by a strip test

A

beta-hydroxybutyrate

22
Q

why would ketones increase in urine

A

patient can’t break down glucose so lipids are broken down

23
Q

what kind of bilirubin is water soluble

A

conjugated

24
Q

what condition would cause urobilinogen to be in the urine

A

hemolytic anemia
cirrhosis
hepatitis

25
Q

what breaks down nitrate to nitrite

A

bacteria

26
Q

what do WBC release when they are broken down

A

leukocyte esterase

27
Q

what condition will have a lot of wbc

A

uti

CLS 304 (21 decks)

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