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CLS 304 > Microscopic > Flashcards

Microscopic Flashcards

1
Q

specific gravity of urine for microscopic exam

A

less than 1.010

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2
Q

when abnormal macro and chemical results obtained —>

A

request microscopic exam

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3
Q

what kind of complexity is CLIA’88

A

moderate

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4
Q

what is the specimen of choice for microscopic exam

A

fresh first morning, midstream clean catch

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5
Q

how long should you centrifugal urine

A

5 min

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6
Q

conc of urine volume to sediment

A

12 to 1

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7
Q

how much sediment is used for a slide

A

0.02

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8
Q

what are hematopoietic cells

A

RBC

WBC

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9
Q

what kind of epithelial cells are in urine sediment

A

transitional
squamous
renal tubular

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10
Q

what stains cytodiagnostic UA sediment

A

papanicolaou stain

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11
Q

def? fragmented red cells accompanied with protein

A

dysmorphic red cells

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12
Q

what causes dysmorphic red cells

A

glomerular bleeding

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13
Q

what other cells are confused with RBC

A

yeast

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14
Q

how can you tell if it’s a RBC or yeast

A

add acid–> if RBC they lyse

yeast have buds

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15
Q

what shape are neutrophils

A

granular spheres

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16
Q

nucleus? neutrophil

A

multilobed

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17
Q

if a pt has pyuria, pyelonephritis, cystitis, prostatitis, or urethritis what will show in the micro exam

A

neutrophils

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18
Q

if a pt has drug induced interstitial nephritis or renal transplant rejection what will show in the micro exam

A

eosinophils

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19
Q

if a pt has drug induced interstitial nephritis or renal transplant rejection what will show in the micro exam

A

eosinophils

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20
Q

what stain is used on eosinophils

A

Hansel stain

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21
Q

who has more squamous cells in sediment males or females

A

females

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22
Q

what kind of epithelial cells are large irregular, abundant cytoplasm, and has a small prominent nucleus

A

squamous epithelial cells

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23
Q

what kind of epithelial cells are pear, spheric, or caudate (tails) with a round central nucleus

A

transitional epithelial cells

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24
Q

what would you see in the sediment of a pt with bladder cancer

A

transitional epithelial cells

25
Q

what kind of epithelial cells are round or oval, large prominent eccentric nucleus

A

renal tubular epithelial cells

26
Q

if a pt has acute tubular necrosis, acute viral or bacterial infection, renal toxicity, glomerulonephritis what will show in the micro exam

A

renal tubular epithelial cells

27
Q

what do renal tubular epithelial cell have with them

A

oval fat body

28
Q

what stains oval fat body

A

sudan III

29
Q

if a pt has lipiduria or nephrotic syndrome what will show in the micro exam

A

oval fat body

30
Q

if urine acidity increase, proteinuria, stasis, or conc increases what will form

A

cast

31
Q

what protein are hyaline cast made up of

A

Tamm-horsfall

32
Q

what cast is homogeneous, transparent, colorless, cylinder with parallel sides, and rounded ends

A

hyaline cast

33
Q

what causes hyaline cast

A

strenuous exersice

34
Q

what casts is transparent cylindrical matrix with embedded WBCs

A

WBC cast

35
Q

what cast would you see in a pt with pyelonephritis or inflammatory renal disease

A

WBC cast

36
Q

what is the most common WBC in a WBC cast

A

neutrophils

37
Q

what cast is transparent reddish-orange brown, cylindrical matrix with embedded RBCs

A

Red cell cast

38
Q

what cast would you see in a pt with glomerulonephritis, glomerular bleeding, or strenuous exercise

A

red cell cast

39
Q

what cast is transparent clinical protein matrix with embedded RTE cells

A

renal tubular cell cast

40
Q

what cast would you see in a pt with renal tubular damage, acute nephrictis, and tubular necrosis

A

renal tubular cell cast

41
Q

what cast is Transparent cylindrical matrix with course or fine embedded granules

A

granular cast

42
Q

what cast is Homogeneous, smooth, glassy opaque cylinder with cracked margins and broken off edges

A

waxy cast

43
Q

what do waxy indicate

A

renal failure

44
Q

what cast is Transparent cylinder filled with refractile fat droplets.

A

fatty cast

45
Q

what cast would you see in a pt with Nephrotic syndrome, Crush injuries, Toxic tubular necrosis, Diabetes mellitus

A

fatty cast

46
Q

how are crystals formed

A

increase solute formation

decreased urine flow

47
Q

most common crystals

A

uric acid crystals

48
Q

what crystals would you see in a pt with leukemia, gout ,Lesch-Nhyan

A

uric acid crystals

49
Q

crystal? colorless envelop shape. Associated with foods high in oxalic acid

A

dehydrate calcium oxalate

50
Q

crystal? oval dumbbell shape. Can be seen in ethylene glycol poisoning

A

monohydrate calcium oxalate

51
Q

crystal? granular, white sediment

A

amorphous phosphates

52
Q

crystal? coffin lids

A

triple phosphate

53
Q

crystal? Yellow-brown “thorny apples” seen in old urine

A

ammonium biurate

54
Q

crystal? bow ties and

dumbbell forms gas from acetic acid

A

calcium carbonate

55
Q

crystal? colorless hexagonal plates seen in cystinuria, a metabolic disorder resulting in renal stones

A

cystine

56
Q

crystal? notched plates seen in lipiduria produced in nephrotic syndrome

A

chlesterol

57
Q

crystal? spheres with concentric striations

A

leucine

58
Q

crystal? needles forming clumps

A

tyrosine

59
Q

crystal? reddish brown clumped needles

A

bilirubin

CLS 304 (21 decks)

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