History Flashcards
What is morbidity
The rate of illness to do a disease
What is mortality
The rate of death due to a disease
The world health organization does what
Monitors, makes recommendations worldwide, task force of aid workers
US Center for disease control or the CDC
Monitors and makes recommendations nationally sets healthcare standards, has small task force of aid workers
What did Hippocrates do
Recorded theories on the occurrences of diseases in his treaties Ayres waters and places
He attributed illness to characteristics of climate soil water motive life and nutrition
He also coined the terms epidemic and endemic differentiate between disease is always present from diseases that sometimes occur in large numbers of people
Endemic definition
Diseases that are always present
What is an epidemic
Diseases that sometimes occur in large numbers
What was germ theory and who pioneered it
Gorolamo fracastoro
He proposed that Seminario (little seeds) caused disease
He identified roots of transmission: direct contact for mites and airborne
He believed that they were influenced by planetary conjugation, particularly sad and Jupiter and Mars
Leeuwenhoek microscope
Created the first microscope
Observed plaque from his teeth, pond water, feces and many other substances
He called the organisms that he saw animalcules
Variolation or inoculation
Intentional inoculation of healthy people with agents of a serious disease
Systemically attempted in around 16 5080
Cotton mather learned about the practice from an African slave one sinus who was inoculated as a child in Africa
This practice lead directly to the practice of vaccinations
What were infections thought to be due to before better information
They were thought to be due to my asthma or bad air, like salmon area. Mold spoiled food mushrooms etc. we’re all thought to rise be a spontaneous generation
Who was Joseph Lister and what did he do
Started experimenting with washing hands bring it aseptic during surgery and washing going to the bleach and boric acid
Senmelweis
Proved that childbed fever after surgery was less prone if doctors washed their hands
In modern times he’s described as the savior of mothers because his findings were used to reduce postpartum mortality
Louis pasteur
From his experiment he developed and published his germ theory of disease, suggesting that microbes cause disease not miasma
How did HIV start
It evolved from a precursor found in champs SIV which has been prevalent in chimpanzees for thousands of years and humans have lived in close contact with and hunted chips for 2000 years
1918 Spanish flu
1/3 of the worlds population was infected 10 to 20% infected died
The smallest unit of
atoms
What are element
Substances that contain only one type of Atoms
What happens when Adams form bonds with each other
Generate molecules that have different characteristics than single atoms like a copper and lead
Protons
Subatomic particles that contain a positive charge and that are found in the nucleus
Neutrons
Subatomic particles with a neutral charge found in the nucleus
Electrons
subatomic particles with a negative charge found in orbitals clouds around the nucleus
