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LAS > Repro Surgery in Mares > Flashcards

Repro Surgery in Mares Flashcards

1
Q

options for treatment of granulosa theca cell tumors

A
  • standing laparoscopy (G.S.)

- via standing colpotomy ONLY if <10 cm

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2
Q

treatment for pneumovagina

A

caslicks vulvoplasty

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3
Q

what to remember when considering surgery for urovagina

A

must do biopsies to ensure no permanent changes

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4
Q

signalment for urovagina

A

aged multiparous mares -> stretching of tissues + poor conformation -> vaginal fornix ventral to external urethral sphincter

common in TB

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5
Q

true or false: granulosa theca cell tumors in mares are usually benign and slow growing BUT produce hormones

A

true

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6
Q

pre op prep for repair of 3rd degree perineal laceration

A

preop care: low bulk diet (if >1 yr post injury-> biopsies)

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7
Q

post op standing colpotomy

A

no laying down for 7-10 days

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8
Q

treatment for 3rd degree perineal lacerations

A

complete disruption between rectum and vestibule. can lead to infertility

ALLOW 4 WEEKS TO PASS BEFORE REPAIRING

preop care: low bulk diet (if >1 yr post injury-> biopsies)

post op: keep feces sot for 3-4 weeks; sexual rest from natural breeding for 2 months; fertility returns 1 month post op

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9
Q

1st degree perineal laceration

A

mucosa of vestibule and skin at dorsal vulvar commisure

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10
Q

when does fertility return after repair of 3rd degree perineal laceration?

A

1 month post op; sexually rest from natural breeding for 2 months

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11
Q

treatment for 2nd degree perineal lacerations

A

same as 1st degree (mucosa of vestibule and skin at dorsal vulvar commisure) +constrictor vulvae muscle -> affects integrity of vestibular sphincter -> pneumo/urovagina

treatment: vestibulovulvoplasty

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12
Q

assisted vs. controlled vaginal delivery

A

assisted: mare awake and doing most of the work
controlled: mare under GA

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13
Q

second degree perineal laceration

A

same as 1st degree (mucosa of vestibule and skin at dorsal vulvar commisure) +constrictor vulvae muscle -> affects integrity of vestibular sphincter -> pneumo/urovagina

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14
Q

treatment for urovagina

A

urethral extension via Mckinnon technique or modified mckinnon technique

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15
Q

you’re doing a standing laparoscopy to remove a granulosa cell tumor. what are your options for removing the tumor from the body wall?

A
  • morcellation/retrieval bag through portal
  • flank laparotomy if too big for portal
  • ventral midline laparotomy if EXTRA large
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16
Q

how to close equine uterus

A

whip stitch (because equine uterus bleeds a TON) + simple continuous + inverting

17
Q

treatment for 1st degree perineal lacerations

A

torn mucosa of vestibule and skin at dorsal vulvar commisure

treatment options:

  • benign neglect
  • caslicks vulvoplasty
18
Q

diagnosis of granulosa theca cell tumor

A

transrectal palpation: enlarged ovary with contralateral small ovary

transrectal US: honeycomb ovary

hormone panel: AMH G.S.

histo

19
Q

how to do a c-section in mares

A

Ventral midline celiotomy

NEVER flank

20
Q

when can you use standing colpotomy to remove granulosa theca cell tumors?

A

G.S. is standing laparoscopy, but you can do standing colpotomy if tumor is <10 cm

21
Q

post op c-section in mares

A

oxytocin IV +/- drain

22
Q

3rd degree perineal laceration

A

complete disruption between rectum and vestibule. can lead to infertility

23
Q

indications for bilateral ovariectomy

A
  • behavioral issues
  • in embryo transfer recipient mares
  • jump mares (for semen collection)
24
Q

fertility post c section in mares

A

decreased

best to wait until FOLLOWING season

25
Q

treatment for pendulous uterus in mares

A

standing laparoscopic uteropexy (shortens broad ligament/mesometrium)

26
Q

G.S. treatment for granulosa theca cell tumor

A

standing laparoscopy (excellent visualization and hemostasis + decreased post op colic/pain)

remove either via

  • morcellation/retrieval bag via portal
  • flank laparotomy if too big for portal
  • ventral midline laparotomy if EXTRA large
27
Q

Barriers to infection in mare repro

A
  • labia (with constrictor vulvae m)
  • vestibular sphincter
  • cervix
28
Q

prognosis for surgical correction of pendulous uterus in mares

A

excellent; no complications reported

29
Q

signalment for pendulous uterus in mares

A

multiparous mares

30
Q

treament options for retrovestibular fistula

A

debridement and direct repair

if >2 fingers in diameter -> can convert to 3rd degree laceration and closed

31
Q

signalment for perineal lacerations/fistulas

A

PRIMIPAROUS Mares

32
Q

cause of pendulous uterus in mares

A

same as pneumo/urovagina; poor perineal conformation/stretching -> inability to clear normal post mating endometritis -> decreased fertility

33
Q

what causes perineal lacerations/fistulas

A

new mom has prominent vestibulovaginal sphincter and hymen remnants -> foal’s foot catches on dorsal aspect of vestibulovaginal fold

if noticed and corrected immediately -> forms rectovestibular fistula

if not corrected -> perineal laceration

34
Q

main risk with standing colpotomy to remove GT tumor

A

hemorrhage; also accidentally grabbing fecal ball (use US!!)

35
Q

prognosis for c section in mares

A

better for mare than foal and depends on how quickly reach referral center.

36
Q

where is the incision made for standing colpotomy

A

at 2 ‘oclock in the vagina

37
Q

most common sign of granulosa cell tumor? what are some other signs?

A

anestrus

also small contralateral ovary
stallion like behavior
nymphomania
colic, hindlimb lameness (less common)

38
Q

post op care after repair of 3rd degree perineal laceration

A

keep feces sot for 3-4 weeks;

sexual rest from natural breeding for 2 months; fertility returns 1 month post op

39
Q

where to make c section incision in mares

A

-start 10 cm caudal to umbilicus and extend 30-40 cm cranially

LAS (51 decks)

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