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GI - 2 > Immuno IBD > Flashcards

Immuno IBD Flashcards

1
Q

IBD involves 2 disorders that involve?

A

Chronic Inflammation of the GI tract

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2
Q

Ulcerative Colitis

A

Chronic inflammation of colon and rectum

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3
Q

Crohns Disease

A

Chronic inflammation that can occur anywhere along the GI tract (not usually rectum)

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4
Q

What hypothesis explains the increasing incidence of IBD?

A

Hygiene Hypothesis

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5
Q

Genetics and immune mechanisms both cause IBD. Inappropriate interactions between what things occurs?

A

Bacteria and immune system

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6
Q

IBD involves increased ______ that causes impairment of GI structure and function

A

Intestinal permeability

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7
Q

IBD involves increased intestinal permeability. This allows what to cross the mucosal barrier and results in?

A

Bacteria crosses barrier and (+) innate and adaptive immune responses!

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8
Q

IBD develops due to what 2 main things?

A
  1. Dysbiosis - disequilibrium of microbials in normal microbiota
  2. Mucosal inflammation
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9
Q

IBD develops due to what 2 main things?

A
  1. Dysbiosis - disequilibrium of microbials in normal microbiota
  2. Mucosal inflammation
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10
Q

Which IBD usually involves disruption of barrier function?

A

Ulcerative Colitis

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11
Q

Which IBD usually involves dysfunction of microbe sensing?

A

Crohns Disease

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12
Q

What factors are necessary to initiate IBD?

A

Environmental factors

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13
Q

Environmental factors are necessary to initiate IBD. They act on both?

A

Genes

Immune system

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14
Q

What is the purpose of normal gut microbiota?

A
  • Protects against pathogens
  • Facilitates digestion
  • Provides immune survillance
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15
Q

IBD develops in areas of ____ bacterial concentration

A

HIGH

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16
Q

With IBD, antibodies and lymphocytes are present against ___ antigens

A

Fecal

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17
Q

What are the 4 main components of microbiome?

A
  1. Bacteroidetes **
  2. Firmicutes *
  3. Proteobacteria
  4. Actinobacteria
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18
Q

What are the 4 main components of microbiome?

A
  1. Bacteriodetes **
  2. Firmicutes *
  3. Proteobacteria
  4. Actinobacteria
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19
Q

What can control the components of microbiome?

A

DIET

20
Q

Dysbiosis of microbiome components causes IBD. Which components of microbiome are altered with Ulcerative Colitis?

A

INCREASED Proteobacteria

- normally low with normal microbiome

21
Q

Dysbiosis of microbiome components causes IBD. Which components of microbiome are altered with Crohn’s Disease?

A

INCREASED Firmicutes and Actinobacteria

22
Q

Increased Proteobacteria in microbiome?

A

Ulcerative Colitis

23
Q

Increased Firmicutes and Actinobacteria in microbiome?

A

Crohn’s Disease

24
Q

Diet controls components of microbiome. What type of diets increase normal components?

A

High protein and High carbs

25
Q

Diet controls components of microbiome. What type of diets decreased normal components?

A

High fat

26
Q

Diet controls components of microbiome. What changes can HIGH fiber make to the microbiome?

A

INCREASES Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria

DECREASES Firmicutes and Proteobacteria

27
Q

Does IBD occur in germ-free environments?

A

NO

28
Q

Babies from IBD women have?

A

Decreased bacterial diversity and altered composition

29
Q

No specific microbes have been linked to development of IBD. What infections can increased your risk of developing?

A

Gastroenteritis (salmonella/campylobacter)

30
Q

No specific microbes have been linked to development of IBD. What infections can decrease your risk of developing?

A

Helminths colonization

31
Q

Are mutations associated with the genetic aspect of IBD?

A

NOOO

= Single nucleotide polymorphisms!!

32
Q

What genetic changes are associated with IBD?

A

SNPs

= Single nucleotide polymorphisms

33
Q

SNPs

A

Single nucleotide polymorphisms

Alleles that differ at a single base

34
Q

A common susceptibility locus is found on what chromosome?

A

16

35
Q

What susceptibility locus is found on chromosome 16?

A

IBD-1

36
Q

What genes does IBD-1 have?

A

CARD15/NOD2

37
Q

In what cells are CARD15/NOD2 expressed?

A

Macrophages and Dendritic cells

38
Q

CARD15/NOD2 is a?

A

Pattern recognition receptor

39
Q

What pattern does CARD15/NOD2 recognize?

A

MDP = peptide in all bacteria

40
Q

When CARD15/NOD2 recognize MDP, what do they activate?

A

NF-KB = INFLAMMATION

41
Q

SNPs in CARD15/NOD2 then ultimately cause?

A

(-) of NF-KB and inflammation

= IBD

42
Q

Somehow defects in CARD15/NOD2 (-) inflammation. How does this actually cause inflammation with IBD?

A
  1. Defective Macrophage function
  2. Defective Epithelial cell responses
  3. Defective APC conditioning
43
Q

Somehow defects in CARD15/NOD2 (-) inflammation. How does this actually cause inflammation with IBD?

A
  1. Defective Macrophage function
  2. Defective Epithelial cell responses
  3. Defective APC conditioning
44
Q

Defective macrophage function causes?

A

Chronic T cell stimulation

45
Q

Defective epithelial cell responses causes?

A

Loss of barrier

46
Q

Defective APC conditioning causes?

A

Inappropriate activation of APCs

47
Q

SNPs in CARD15/NOD2 then ultimately cause?

A

(-) of NF-KB and inflammation

= IBD

GI - 2 (61 decks)

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