//2.1-Design methods and processes Flashcards
What does iterative design mean
- this is repeatedly going through a cyclic design process
- stages are requierd to refine a design
- designers will move backwards and forwards through the process as required and will evaluate work to improve their work
Explain the circular design process
Research-Ideate-Prototype-Test
What does the cyclic design development show
This shows the impact of hypothetical issues affecting the development of a design
Cyclic design development of a power drill design
Initial research-ideas sketches-motor ventiliation research-refine design to suit vents-size of vents modified-research on ergonomics-modify handle-research of switches-refine design to suit switch-futher analysis, research, modelling, sketching-cycle continues to create new ‘iterations’
What is the aim of user centered design
This aims to improve users’ expereince of using products
Aim of ISO 13407
This makes the success of a product more likely
Qualities of an ISO 13407 product
- take full account of users, the tasks performed and the relevant environment
- involve users during design and development
- be refined by user-centered evaluation
- consider the whole user expereince
- be developed by a multi skilled, multi-disciplinary team
Methods used to achieve UCD standards
- apply ergonomic principles for ease of use and comfort
- use anthropometric data to ensure a good ‘fit’
- observed people using products
- organise focus groups to identify problems with existing products
- gain understanding of how users interact with products
- improve the user experience
How do designers design to meet wants, needs or values
- physical needs of children are different to those of the elderly, wheelchair users, disabled or blind
- emotional needs-what people like or dislike, their aspirations and ambitions. Understanding thse can help the designer match the product to the consumer. Brand and quality awareness is essential
- the intellectual needs of consumers have to be matched to the product
- sociological needs and values-consumers become more aware of issues such as damage to the environment and demand more sustainable products
Primary invetigation techniques
- market research questionnaires and surveys-this can help explain why consumers choose one product over another
- interviewing potential users to invetigate their needs or wants
- human factors-empathetic research
- focus groups-qualitative data
- product analysis-analysis and disassembly of existing products to identify useful features
- anthropometric data can be obtained directly for bespoke products
- ergonomics-observing potential customers using a product
Secondary investigation techniques
- online or book research
- style influences of designers and design movements
- identification of suitable materials, components and construction methods
- relavent anthropometric data ranges suited to the target consumer
What is primary investigation
Direct research such as obtaining from a focus group
What is secondary research
This is research information gathered from others-usually though books and online sources
Explain the development of a design proposal
- sketch and model potential solutions
- check spec criteria by adding critical and evaluative annotations
- selection by the client or potential constomers of a single design
- development of the aesthetics of the final design proposal
- use tests and trails to help develop detailed design elements
- use scale and full size models
- use functioning models to check working elements
- create dimensioned working draeings with sufficient detail for manufacture
Explain the 4 stages of a sucessful prototype
- create a step by step, detailed plan of prototype manufacture (QA proceudures and checks)
- carry out hand, machine or rapid prototyping methods as required
- test and evaluate prototype, with appropriate involvment of consumers
- carry out ‘iterative’ improvements as required to optimise the design
