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AQA A level Product design p2-Designing and making principles > 2.3-Social, moral and ethical issues > Flashcards

2.3-Social, moral and ethical issues Flashcards

1
Q

Overview of social, moral, ethical issues

A
  • development of more powerful microelectronic products and the growth of web content, along wih fibre optic and wireless mobile connectivity, has created a range of benefits and potential harm
  • e.g. the contrast between highly sophisicated medical scanning equipment being used to save lives and smartphones being used for cyber bullying
  • the work of some designers e.g. William Moris minimised effects on local and wider communities, and addressed the unfairness and greed often associated with the aquisition of belongings
  • companies more aware of coporate social responsibility- a scheme to optimise their social responsbility and sustainability
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2
Q

Two examples of corporate social responsiblity- Lego Group and Disney

A

Lego Group

  • targeting 100% renewable energy capacity
  • targeting use of solely sustainable raw material by 2030
  • working with WWF on methods of reducing emissions

Disney

  • encourages workers to volunteer for charity work
  • provides significant support in natural disaster situations
  • plants trees in rainforests, using natural history film revenue
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3
Q

Military technological developments- miniaturised missile guidance technology- beneficial use to society

A

-PillCam internal medical imaging system

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4
Q

Military technological developments- Second World War use of radar- beneficial use to society

A
  • global air travel

- microwave ovens

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5
Q

Military technological developments- anti chemical weapon syringe for soldiers- beneficial use to society

A

-EpiPen for diabetes and allergic reactions

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6
Q

Military technological developments- US defence location system (1970s)- beneficial use to society

A

-global positioning satellite devices

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7
Q

Military technological developments- Second World War use of penicillin- beneficial use to society

A

-increased use of antibiotics

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8
Q

Military technological developments- First World War unmanned winged torpedoes- beneficial use to society

A

-drones

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9
Q

Military technological developments- jet engines for Second World War military aircraft- beneficial use to society

A

-global air travel

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10
Q

Military technological developments- parachute materials development in Second World War- beneficial use to society

A

-nylon and other synthetic materials

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11
Q

Ethical problems- Minas Gerals dam

A
  • substantial damage caused by metal ore extraction such as the Minas Gerals iron ore mine dam disaster where many people died
  • the dangers of manufacturing toxic chemicals, such as the Union Carbide, Bhopal, methyl isocryanate disaster, in which thousands of people died
  • several workers comitted suicide at the Foxconn iphone factory in China, allegedly due to the stress of working conditions
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12
Q

Examples of good sustanaiblity and ethical pratice

A
  • starch based biodegradable PLA polymer starting to grow in popularity
  • FSC scheme ensures sustainable timber use
  • conducting pre project sustainability reviews
  • local sourcing of materials to reduce transport energy requirements
  • address issues such as slave and child labour by implementing the International Labour Organization Ethical Trading Intitiative for fair/safe working practces
  • label and maket products in an honest way for condumers
  • local sourcing of materials to reduce transport energy requirements
  • use Fairtrade certified products and practices when possible
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13
Q

Why does culture need to be accepted in design

A
  • essential for companies to avoid creating offensive products dor their domestic and global markets
  • if potential customers are offended and alienated, there is a financial cost and other wider advantages for the business
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14
Q

What aspects must designers consider and research when considering culture

A
  • how products are perceieved by different genders
  • the cultural significance of aspects such as the colour of products perceieved in various countries
  • religious belifs, traditions and customs that made by outside a designer’s expereince
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15
Q

What is inclusive design, defined by the BSI

A
  • the design of mainstream products and/or services that are accessible to, and usable by, as many people as reasonably possible, without the need for special adaption of specialised design
  • the Disability Dicrimination Act 1995 has made an impact on many areas, such as public transport and accessibility
  • designers must accomodate a diverse range of people without stigmatising them
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16
Q

Name some examples of inclusive design

A
  • updated standards for wider doors for wheelchairs in new houses
  • OXO’s award winning Good Grips range of easy to use kitchen utensils
  • buses with lower floors for wheelchair and bright yellow, heavily visible handrails
  • pedestrain crossings with raised pavement bumps, ramps and sensory feedback
  • hearing induction loops in theatres for members of the audience with a hearing impairment
17
Q

What are social issues

A

Issues affecting people such as environment, health, poverty, discrimination and unemployment

18
Q

What are some ways in which designers can help society by addressing social issues

A
  • innovative child friendly litter bin designs to encourage the adoption of good servcies
  • ‘black box’ devices used by car insurance companies to monitor young drivers
  • scanning devices used by police to check for illegal drugs and explosives
19
Q

Article 25 of the United nations’ Deceleration of Human Rights (1948)- poverty, health and wellbeing

A

‘everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care’
-some designers and organisations are rising to this challenge

20
Q

Designer responses to challenges- Trevor Bayliss response to lack of radio batteries in parts of Africa

A

-wind up radio requiring no batteries

21
Q

Designer responses to challenges- Gravityight Foundation response to danger and expense of kerosene for lamps in Kenya

A

-‘GravityLight’ LED lighting

22
Q

Designer responses to challenges- Practical Action (NGO) response to poverty in developing countries

A

-appropriate technological, ‘open’ design solutions

23
Q

Designer responses to challenges- Intuitive Surgery response to Advanced, safe surgery

A

-the ‘da Vinci’ robotic surgery system

24
Q

Designer responses to challenges- Touch Bionics Ltd response to improved prostheses

A

-advanced composites, motors and control systems

25
Q

Designer responses to challenges- NHS response to repairing skill injruies

A

-3D printed polymer implants

26
Q

Why is migration an issue

A

conflict, poverty and victimisation often result in humanitarian organisations providing basic infrastructure for massive temporary communities of destitue migrants all over the world

27
Q

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) response to food preparation need for migrants

A

-solar cookers

28
Q

SunDwater Company response to clean water need for migrants

A

-water distillation technology

29
Q

Angela Luna response to clothing need for migrants

A

-‘Adiff’ multi purpose clothing/shelters

30
Q

Ikea Foundation response to housing need for migrants

A

-flat pack ‘better shelter’ housing

31
Q

United Nations Population Fund response to medical care need for migrants

A

-‘hospitainers’ and ‘maternitainers’ (adapted shipping containers)

32
Q

Ikea Foundation ‘better shelter’- produced in response to refugee cricis- features

A
  • can be erected without tools
  • sleeps 5 people
  • well insulated
  • solar powered electrical system
33
Q

What is fairtrade

A
  • a movement encouraging the ethical treatment of farmers and workers in developing countries
  • seeks to adress the exploitation of farmers and craft workers in developing countries
  • negotiated with buyers to secure fair prices for products
34
Q

What is fairtrade

A
  • a movement encouraging the ethical treatment of farmers and workers in developing countries
  • seeks to adress the exploitation of farmers and craft workers in developing countries
  • negotiated with buyers to secure fair prices for products
  • qualifying products display a certification label called the Fairtrade mark
  • Pushpanjail in India-example of a Fairtrade organisation providing sustainable work for craftsmen and women
35
Q

What is the Fairtrade mark

A

-a Fairtrade organisation that sells ethically sourced products

36
Q

How do organisations seek to promote the Fairtrade mark status

A
  • sustainable development
  • benefits for products
  • active citizenship
  • increased demand for Fairtrade accredited food and craft

AQA A level Product design p2-Designing and making principles (13 decks)

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