Metallic & Ionic Bonding - Intro to Back to Basics (1.4)

Question 1

What is the octet rule?

Answer 1

• When atoms react or form bonds, they either lose/gain/share electrons
• They do this in order to gain a full outer shell of electrons which is stable

Question 2

Explain what happens in metallic bonding

Answer 2

• Only occurs between metals
• Metal atoms lose their valence electrons, becoming positive ions
• Electrons are donated into a delocalised sea of negative charge

Question 3

Give & explain 3 properties of metals

Answer 3

• High melting points as the ions are held together
• Conduct electricity as the charge carriers (electrons) are free to move
• Ductile & malleable as the layers of ions can slip over each other

Question 4

Define alloy

Answer 4

A mixture of two metals created when two metallic elements bond together

Question 5

Compare the difference between alloys & pure metals

Answer 5

Alloys are less malleable & ductile than pure metals as different sized ions disrupt the regular lattice, making it difficult for layers to move over each other

Question 6

Explain ionic bonding

Answer 6

• Occurs between metals & non-metals
• Metal atoms lose their valence electrons to become +tive ions
• Non-metals gain these electrons to obtain a full outer energy level

Question 7

Describe the type of attraction in a metallic bond

Answer 7

• Metallic bond is the electrostatic attraction between the sea of delocalised electrons and lattice of positive ions

Question 8

Describe the type of attraction in ionic bonding

Answer 8

Electrons static attraction between anions & cations

Question 9

Give the main properties of ionic compounds

Answer 9

• High melting points
• Do not conduct electricity
  BUT they can conduct electricity when molten or in solution

Question 10

Explain why ionic compounds have high melting points

Answer 10

• They form a regular lattice of alternating positive & negative ions
• This structure allows for strong electrostatic forces between the ions
• They do not conduct electricity as a solid as the ions that charge cannot move
• However, they can dissociate in water allowing the ions to move & conduct electricity when molten/ in solution