Improved Model: Orbitals - Atomic Structure (3.3)

Question 1

Electrons are not really confined to circular orbits around the nucleus, rather _______

Answer 1

they form electron clouds/orbitals.

Question 2

How many different types of atomic orbital are there?

Answer 2

4

Question 3

How many s - orbitals are there per sublevel?

Answer 3

1

Question 4

Which orbital fits around each other with the nucleus in the middle?

Answer 4

S - orbital

Question 5

Which other names are given to p-orbitals?

Answer 5

dumbell or “figure of 8”.

Question 6

Each p-orbital points in a different direction. True or False?

Answer 6

True

Question 7

P- orbitals do not fit together to make the p-sublevel. True or False?

Answer 7

False - P-orbitals fit together to make the p-sublevel.

Question 8

How many orbitals are there in each d-sublevel?

Answer 8

5

Question 9

There are 6 f-orbitals in each f-sublevel. True or False?

Answer 9

False - there are 7 f-orbitals in each f- sublevel.

Question 10

Why do can each orbital only hold 2 electrons?

Answer 10

This is explained through sublevels and why they exist, as they can hold different numbers of electrons.

Question 11

Energy levels = electron shells. True or False?

Answer 11

True

Question 12

An element in the d-block has its outer electron in the d-orbital. True or False?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Energy levels can be made up of multiple orbitals. True or False?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

All orbitals in a sub-level have the same amount of energy. True or False?

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What does the Aufbau principle state?

Answer 15

You must fill orbitals from the lowest to the highest energy.

Question 16

What does Hund’s rules state?

Answer 16

Due to electron repulsion, you must fill orbitals singularly before pairing them up.

Question 17

What does Pauli exclusion principle state?

Answer 17

To minimise electron repulsion, you must pair electrons only if they have opposite spins (up and down positioning).

Question 18

Why does sulfur have a lower first ionisation energy than phosphorus?

Answer 18

• Sulfur has a pair of electrons in its outer p-orbital, whereas phosphorus does not.
• Due to this, paired electrons repel each other slightly, therfore less energy is required to remove 1 electron in sulfur.