Complications of diabetes, macrovascular

Question 1

how will they look:

Arteria ulcer vs venous ulcer?

Answer 1

Arteria ulcer – hole punch

Venous ulcer – shallow with irregular boundary

Question 2

PREVENTION for macrovascular diabetes?

-4

Answer 2

prevention: control glucose + control bp + no smoking + statins

Question 3

through what mechanism does Hyperglycaemia damage blood vessels?
-2

Answer 3

oxidative stress + ↓NO

Question 4

how can hyperglycaemia lead to PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE?

-step by step

Answer 4

hyperglycaemia > oxidative stress on BVs > poor blood supply

Question 5

how can hyperglycaemia lead to PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE and then gangrene?

Answer 5

hyperglycaemia > oxidative stress on BVs > poor blood supply > any injury heals slowly > ulcers (arterial or venous) > get infected easily > gangrene

Question 6

what basically is gangrene?

i.e. define it

Answer 6

Gangrene = tissue necrosis from poor blood supply

Question 7

pt has lots of leg gangrene,

what will you now have to do?

Answer 7

amputation

Question 8

character of pain in claudication?

Answer 8

cramping pain in calf on walking, relived by rest

Question 9

oxidative stress + ↓NO will do what to do endothelium?

how does this effect blood flow?

Answer 9

damage it

less blood flow

Question 10

complications of diabetes at the heart?

-2 main ones

Answer 10

IHD & MI

Question 11

what type of MI might a diabetic pt get exclusively?

why?

Answer 11

Silent MI

nerves damaged