CHAPTER 13: GI DISORDERS Flashcards
What education/NI should you provide to a patient experiencing N/V?
o Eat low fat, carbohydrate food ▪ Toast ▪ Crackers ▪ Pretzels o Avoid liquid with meals o Maintain good oral hygiene o Elevate head of bed o Avoid hot or spicy foods o Serve foods at room temperature of chilled (to decrease aroma) o Avoid high fat foods o Assess appearance of emesis (ex. pale = bile, coffee-grounds = bloody) o Clear liquids and advance as tolerated
What education/NI should you provide to a patient experiencing anorexia?
o Decrease unpleasant odors
o Encourage small frequent appetizing looking meals
o Avoid high fat food**
o Encourage liquid supplements in between meals
o Mouth care before and after meals
o Hold drinks 30 min before and after meals
o Decrease stress at meals
o Assess medications; give appetite-stimulating meds
o Assess and manage anxiety and depression
o ELMO w/ larger meals earlier in day
What education/NI should you provide to a patient experiencing constipation?
o Increase fiber (>5g fiber/serving) and fluid intake (64 oz/day)**
o Increase exercise
o Avoid chronic use of laxatives **
What education/NI should you provide to a patient experiencing anorexia nervosa and bulimia?
o Provide privileges based on calories consumer or weight gain***
o Weight patient at same time every day
o Stay with patient one hour after meals (make sure they do not throw up)
o Avoid caffeinated beverages
What is dumping syndrome?
When the stomach rapidly empties into the small intestine
What can dumping syndrome lead to?
- hypoglycemia
- iron deficient anemia
- steatorrhea
- osteomalacia
What are the s/sx of dumping syndrome?
▪ abdominal cramping ▪ nausea ▪ diarrhea ▪ diaphoresis ▪ tachycardia ▪ hypotension
What nutrition would you recommend for a patient experiencing dumping syndrome?
▪ Small frequent meals
▪ Protein and fat at each meal
▪ Avoid concentrated sugar* (juices are a NO)
▪ Avoid dairy products
▪ Not provide liquid with meals (consume liquid between meals)
▪ Encourage patient to lie down for 20-30 minutes after meals to delay gastric emptying
What education/NI should you provide to a patient experiencing GERD?
o Avoid tight fitting clothing
o Do not lie down for 2-3 hours after meals
o Avoid large meals (create higher risk of episode)
o Sleep on multiple pillows
What foods should be avoided when experiencing GERD?
▪ Citrus fruit or juice ▪ Spicy food ▪ Fatty foods ▪ Caffeine ▪ Chocolate ▪ Alcohol
What should be encouraged when experiencing GERD?
▪ Lose weight
▪ Stop smoking
What education/NI should you provide to a patient experiencing gastritis and peptic ulcer disease?
o Reduce stress
o Avoid use of NSAIDS
o Avoid smoking and alcohol
o Avoid small frequent meals*** FEWER BIGGER MEALS
▪ Increases gastric acid secretion
o Avoid black pepper, spicy food, caffeine (for acute gastritis have a bland diet and IVF if needed)
What should be encouraged when experiencing lactose intolerance?
o Avoid foods that contain lactose
▪ Milk, cheese, chocolate, dairy, pudding
o Tell them to take lactase enzyme with their food
o Monitor for vitamin D and Ca deficiency
What should patients with an ostomy be encouraged to increase their intake of?
o Fluid and soluble fiber intake**
o Increase protein and calorie intake to help heal their new stoma
▪ Wound healing→protein is super important
What should patients with an ostomy be encouraged to avoid?
o Avoid gas and odor producing foods ▪ Beans ▪ Carbonated drinks ▪ Eggs ▪ Fish ▪ Garlic o Avoid foods that can cause a stoma blockage ▪ Nuts ▪ Carrots ▪ Popcorn
