CHAPTER 15: DIABETES

Question 1

What are s/sx of hypoglycemia?

Answer 1

Blood glucose levels =/< 70
o Shakiness 
o Diaphoresis 
o Confusion 
o Headache

Question 2

What should you give to a diabetic who is conscious but experiencing hypoglycemia?

Answer 2

15-20 g of carbohydrate (2-3 glucose tabs, 6-10 hard candies, ½ cup (4oz) juice or soda, 1 Tbsp honey, 4 tsp sugar), wait 15 minutes and recheck glucose (if still under 70 repeat), once stabilized provide a snack that provides carbohydrate and protein

Question 3

What should you give to a diabetic who is unconscious and experiencing hypoglycemia?

Answer 3

administer glucagon

Question 4

What are s/sx of hyperglycemia?

Answer 4

blood glucose levels above 200
o Polyuria
o Polydipsia
o Polyphagia
o Kussmaul respirations 
o Fruity breath
o Headache
o Decreased level of conscious 
o Dehydration

Question 5

What should you give to a diabetic who is experiencing hyperglycemia?

Answer 5

INSULIN

Question 6

What is Somogyi phenomenon?

Answer 6

morning hyperglycemia due to untreated over night hypoglycemia

Question 7

What is recommended to give to a patient experiencing the Somogyi phenomenon?

Answer 7

a bed time snack before they go to bed and insulin to help prevent the morning hyperglycemia from occurring

Question 8

What things should be increased in a diabetic patient?

Answer 8

• Increase intake of fiber (14g/1000cal)
  o Beans, veggies, whole grains
• Increase exercise

Question 9

What things should be decreased/limited in a diabetic patient?

Answer 9

• Limit intake of simple carbohydrates (encourage complex carbs)
• Decrease intake of saturated fat
  o <7% of daily calories
  o Trans fat <1% of daily calories
  o Cholesterol limited to 200-300 mg/day

Question 10

What lifestyle changes should diabetics make?

Answer 10

• No smoking or tobacco use

- Try to lose weight if necessary

Question 11

What should the A1C goal for a diabetic be?

Answer 11

• Goal for hgA1C <7****

* ** Monitoring blood glucose levels (Counting carbohydrates is a good way to manage their diet)***

Question 12

How many carbs should diabetics consume per meal?

Answer 12

o Consumption of 45-75 g of carbs per meal
▪ This is for someone who is following a 1600-2000 calorie per day diet
• About 4 carb servings per meal
• SERVING SIZE effects amount of carbs consumed