Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 336 > L24: Renal System II > Flashcards

L24: Renal System II Flashcards

1
Q

urinary excretion of a substance depends on

A

its filtration, reabsorption, secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

glomerular filtration

A

from glomerulus to Bowman’s capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

reabsorption

A

from tubules to peritubular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

secretion

A

from peritubular capillaries to tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

excretion

A

from tubules out of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

filtered quantities of a substance are generally

A

larger than the amounts of the substances in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

reabsorption of waste products

A

is relatively incomplete, large fractions are excreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

reabsorption of most useful plasma components

A

is complete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

reabsorbed substance must move

A

across two barriers: the tubule epithelium and the capillary endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

primary barrier to reabsorption

A

epithelial cells lining the renal tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

___ limit the passage of substances between cells

A

tight junctions between the renal tubule epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

transport can be

A

active or passive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

barrier for secretion are

A

the same as for reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

substances such as ___ move from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular lumen

A

hydrogen ion, potassium, organic anions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

tubular secretion is an important mechanism for

A

disposing of drugs and drug metabolites, eliminating undesired substances that have reabsorbed by passive processes, removing excess K+, controlling blood pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

glomerular filtration is driven by

A

hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

glomerular filtration is opposed by

A

hydrostatic pressure in Bowman’s space and the osmotic force due to the proteins in the glomerular capillary plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

under normal conditions,

A

losses of salt and water equal gains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

urinary loss regulation

A

matching of losses and gains of salt and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Na+ reabsorption

A

an active process occurring in all tubular segments except the descending limb of the loop of Henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

water reabsorption

A

is by osmosis and is depended upon Na+ reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Na+ is actively transported

A

across the basolateral membrane of renal tubule cells establishing an osmotic gradient for water reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

active transport of Na+ out of renal tubule cell keeps

A

intracellular Na+ lower than the renal tubular fluid Na+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

active transport of Na+ out of tubule cell forms a concentration gradient and favors

A

the movement of Na+ from the lumen of the renal tubule into the renal tubule cell

25
Q

Na+ moves from the tubular fluid into the tubular epithelial cell

A

through Na+ channels or via cotransport with other molecules such as glucose

26
Q

active reabsorption of sodium and other solutes in the proximal tubule creates

A

an osmotic gradient

27
Q

because of the osmotic gradient

A

water follows the solutes

28
Q

reabsorption of water creates a concentration gradient for permeating solutes

A

such as urea to move from tubular fluid to the peritubular capillaries

29
Q

water permeability

A

varies from segment to segment and depends largely on the presence of water channels, called aquaporins

30
Q

water channels

A

aquaporins (AQP)

31
Q

aquaporins are highly expressed

A

in the proximal tubule resulting in a high water permeability

32
Q

cortical and medullary collecting ducts

A

are the only tubular segments in which water permeability is under physiological control

33
Q

___ stimulates the insertion of aquaporin (AQP2) water channels

A

vasopressin (ADH)

34
Q

AQP2 channel pathways is present

A

in a PKA-dependent manner

35
Q

AQP2 are absent in the collecting duct apical membranes unless

A

ADH is active

36
Q

___ is not secreted

A

Na+

37
Q

__ is freely filterable at the glomerulus

A

Na+

38
Q

__ entry into the cell from tubular lumen is

A

always passive either through channels or contransport

39
Q

__ increases water permeability

A

ADH

40
Q

___ is a major determinant of the ability to survive with limited water intake

A

the ability of kidneys to produce hyper osmotic urine

41
Q

a maximal osmolarity that kidneys can produce

A

1400 mOsmol

42
Q

normal osmolarity of blood

A

300 mOsmol

43
Q

urinary concentration takes place

A

as tubular fluid flows through the medullary collecting ducts

44
Q

the interstitial fluid surrounding these ducts

A

very hyperosmotic

45
Q

in the presence of ADH

A

water diffused out of the ducts into the interstitial fluid to return to the capillaries

46
Q

the descending limb of the loop of Henle

A

is permeable to water, impermeable to solutes

47
Q

the ascending limb of the loop of Henle

A

is impermeable to water, permeable to solutes

48
Q

differences in the transport of water and solutes establish

A

osmotic gradient in the medullary interstitial fluid

49
Q

osmolarity differences

A

exist at each horizontal level and are multiplied as the fluid goes deeper into the medulla

50
Q

the loop of Henle is

A

a countercurrent multiplier system

51
Q

osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus

A

monitor the osmolarity of extracellular fluid

52
Q

osmolarity increases,

A

ADH secretion is stimulated and increases water reabsorption

53
Q

osmolarity decreases

A

ADH secretion is inhibited, which decreases water reabsorption and increases water excretion

54
Q

__ also influence ADH secretion

A

baroreceptors that detect blood volume and blood pressure

55
Q

baroreceptors in atria

A

detect and respond to changes in blood volume

56
Q

baroreceptors in carotid sinus

A

respond to changes in blood pressure

57
Q

blood volume and pressure decreases,

A

the frequency of action potentials in baroreceptors decreases, ADH secretion increases, water reabsorption increases, blood volume and pressure increases

58
Q

blood volume and/or pressure increases

A

ADH secretion decreases, water reabsorption decreases, blood volume and pressure decreases

BIOL 336 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions