Reconstruction

Question 1

Lincoln’s 10% Plan

Answer 1

10% of voters who voted in the 1860 have to swear alliegance and accept the 13th amendment before a seceding state could re-enter the country

Question 2

Wade Davis Bill

Answer 2

• The Radical Republican’s harsher alternative to Lincoln’s 10%
• Plan: 50% of voters who voted in the 1860 election have to swear alliegance before the state can re-enter

Question 3

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 3

• Established in 1865 by Lincoln to provide assistance to newly freed slaves and poor white people who were struggling after the Civil War.
• Goals: to employ, build hospitals, schools, housing and food to those who were in need

Question 4

13th Amendment

Answer 4

Abolished slavery

Question 5

14th Amendment

Answer 5

Granted citizenship and equal civil and legal rights to African Americans/enslaved people who had been emancipated after the Civil War

Question 6

15th Amendment

Answer 6

guranteed African American men the right to vote

Question 7

Assassination of Abraham Lincoln

Answer 7

Shot by John Wilkes Booth on April 15, 1865

Question 8

Andrew Johnson

Answer 8

• VP Andrew Johnson assumed the presidency after Lincoln’s assassination.
• Impeached for violating the Tenure of Office Act (battled and fired Lincoln’s Cabinet members) and becomes a lameduck President

Question 9

The Tenure of Office Act

Answer 9

Prevents a non-elected President from removing cabinet members/apppointed

Question 10

Impeachment

Answer 10

• The House of Representatives votes to ‘impeach’ the President which means the President goes on trial in front of the U.S. Senate.
• Senate votes on whether or not the President should be removed from office

Question 11

Election of 1868

Answer 11

Grant wins electoral vote in a landslide but the popular vote was very close. Even won some states in the South because African Americans can now vote

Question 12

Grant’s Presidency

Answer 12

attempts to protect the rights of African Americans by sending federal troops to the South and passing laws but is unsuccessful because of his corrupt cabinet and economic challenges

Question 13

Panic of 1873

Answer 13

Companies had a surplus of war goods they could no longer sell causing their companies to fail and banks to fail. Unemployment and debt went up

Question 14

Hiram Revels

Answer 14

• First African American to be elected to Congress (Senate) in 1870, filling Jefferson Davis’s (president of former Confedercay) seat
• Focused on improvements in education particulary in the South, to help educate poorer populations

Question 15

Blanche Bruce

Answer 15

• 2nd African American to be elected to Congress (Senate)
• Attempted to desegregate the military and focused on improving federal goverment projects, particularly in disaster situtations (giving fed gov more power)

Question 16

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Answer 16

• African Americans cannot be prohibited from public places/transportations/jury services.
• Reinforced the equal protection clause guaranteed by the 14th amendment.
• Last great moment of Reconstruction.

Question 17

Election of 1876

Answer 17

• Republican: Rutherford B. Hayes.
• Democrat: Samuel Tilden.
• Tilden won more popular votes, but some southern states both parties claimed they won creating 20 disputed votes requiring it to go to Congress
• Hayes wins

Question 18

Compromise of 1877

Answer 18

• Hayes recieved all 20 votes by agreeing to remove federal troops from the South
• ended ending Reconstruction and put it in the hands of state govs.
• Corrupt bargain once again.
• Reason reconstruction ultimately failed.

Question 19

Jim Crow Legislation

Answer 19

Republican party beginning to split allowed Democrats and ‘moderate’ Republicans to pass laws that segregated African Americans and whites. Effects last for 75+ years. “Seperate-but-equal”

Question 20

Sharecropping

Answer 20

popular method of placing African Americans, in the South, to be bound to a contract which they were unable to escape; places African Americans and poor whites in debt because they can’t pay for basics like food, tools, and shelter; slavery 2.0

Question 21

Civil Rights Cases of 1883

Answer 21

Supreme Court find the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional because it infringed the rights of private businesses

Question 22

Black Codes

Answer 22

A series of laws that were established to limit the rights of African Americans in public and private establishments

Question 23

Literacy Test

Answer 23

A required test citizens had to pass in order to vote

Question 24

Poll Taxes

Answer 24

A required tax citizens had to pay in order to vote

Question 25

Grandfather Clause

Answer 25

A requirement for all those voting, that their grandfather must have voted in a previous election in order to vote

Question 26

Voting Roadblocks

Answer 26

Southern states started making rules about who could qualify to vote: If failed Literacy Test, then they could pay Poll Tax. If can’t pay Poll Tax, but could pass Grandfather Clause then could vote. (Targets African Americans)

Question 27

Ku Klux Klan

Answer 27

Established by Nathan Bedford Forrest, a terrorist organization designed to enforce segregation in the South. Anonymous, emerges in cycles, thousands of African Americans killed (sometime for doing something simple like smiling at a white person). Had previoulsy been limited because of fed troops in South

Question 28

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Answer 28

Homer Plessy (1/8 African American) was arrested and found guilty for sitting in a “White’s Only” rail car, suing John H. Ferguson (judge). Supreme Court declared seperate-but-equal facilities constitutional and ruled the that the 14th amendment only applied to political and civil rights like voting and jury sevice, not “social rights”. True end of Reconstruction (failed)

Question 29

Goals of Reconstruction

Answer 29

Re-enter Southern states into the country, rebuild the South (physically), integrate newly freed Blacks into American Society

Question 30

Radical Republicans

Answer 30

• Equality + Rights for African Americans

- Federal Programs/Projects

Question 31

Moderate Republicans

Answer 31

• Less federal power

- Reconsturction should be in the hands of states

Question 32

Democrats

Answer 32

• Less federal power

- Wanted to restore southern conditions (previous to the war)