The American Revolution

Question 1

Proclamation Act of 1763

Answer 1

Outlined the boundries of the colonies and limited westward expansion (cutting some colonies almost in half)

• British perspective: would limit conflicts with Native Americans
• Colonists perspective: contradicted salutary neglect and limited their economic growth

Question 2

Stamp Act of 1765

Answer 2

A British tax that required colonists to pay, represented by a stamp, on various papers, documents, and playing cards (affected middle and upper classes)

• BP: Seven Years War cost a lot of money and this was a good way to make revenue
• CP: Being punished for helping win the Seven Years War. They weren’t represented in Parliament so they shouldn’t be taxed without consent

Question 3

Stamp Act Congress

Answer 3

Delegates from 9 colonies meet to discuss how to approach appealing the Stamp Act. Recognized British authority to regulate trade but not taxing because they weren’t represented in British Parliament

Question 4

The Sons of Liberty

Answer 4

Take radical approached to British policies. Held rallies, meetings, and even physically harmed (tar and feathering) or threatened tax collectors/governors/ and other British officials

Question 5

Samuel Adams

Answer 5

the leader of the Sons of Liberty and
would call on his “Patriots” to target any tax
collector or British official who would not comply (extreme but effective). Promoted ideas of considering independency

Question 6

The Quatering Act of 1765

Answer 6

Due to violence in the streets of Boston: British soldiers could quarter/house in Boston buildings/warehouses/ and other private establishments without the consent of those who lived there

Question 7

Townshend Acts of 1767

Answer 7

Suspending Act, Revenue Act, Commisioners Customs Act, Indemnity Act

Question 8

Suspending Act

Answer 8

Suspended the New York Assembly until they complied with the Quatering Act
(Townshend Acts)

Question 9

Revenue Act

Answer 9

Placed taxes on British imports like lead, glass, paint, paper, and tea
(Townshend Acts)

Question 10

Commissioners Customs Act

Answer 10

Created British agencies that would control the price of imports, selected by Britain, in effort to raise taxes
(Townshend Acts)

Question 11

Indemnity Act

Answer 11

Forced colonists to buy tea from the East India Company, in an effort to restore stability in England’s most prominent country
(Townshend Acts)

Question 12

East India Company

Answer 12

Controlled 1/2 of the world’s trade; verge of bankrupcty; corruption

Question 13

Boston Massacre 1770

Answer 13

Street fight between “patriot” mob and squad of British soldiers. Soldiers went on trial for murder, but John Adams defended them and found them not guilty

Question 14

John Adams

Answer 14

Patriot; One of Boston’s greatest and fastest lawyers; very vocal for independence after Boston Massacre trial

Question 15

Boston Tea Party 1773

Answer 15

Nearly a million dollars of British Tea (from East India Company) was thrown into the Boston Harbor by the Sons of Liberty

Question 16

Coercive Acts 1774

Answer 16

Response to Boston Tea Party: Boston Port Act, Massachusetts Government Act, Adminstration of Justice Act, Quatering Act of 1774

Question 17

Boston Port Act

Answer 17

Closes the port of Boston until the damages were paid for

Coercive Acts

Question 18

Massachusetts Government Act

Answer 18

Resticrs town meetings and turns governing power to an appointed council
(Coercive Acts)

Question 19

Administration of Justice Act

Answer 19

Made British officers immune to criminal persecution in Massachusetts
(Coercive Acts)

Question 20

Quatering Act of 1774

Answer 20

British soldiers could quater in private homes

Coercive Acts

Question 21

First Continental Congress

Answer 21

1774; in Philadelphia; formed in response to the Coercive Acts; organized a boycott of British goods

Question 22

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 22

Writer, scientist, inventor, printer, statesman, and diplomat; after the Stamp Act he went to Britain to try to convince for inclusion in British Parliament; part of First Continental Congress

Question 23

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense 1775

Answer 23

pamphlet in which Paine advocated for independence from Britain

Question 24

Lexington & Concord

Answer 24

British army set out to capture Samuel Adams and John Hancock, as well as destroy American store of weapons; marks the start of the American Revolutionary War

Question 25

Olive Branch Petition

Answer 25

Colonists final attempt to aviod going to war sent to King George; King George replies saying anyone who is at the meeting will be put on trial for treason and hung

Question 26

Second Continental Congress 1776

Answer 26

Pushed over the edge by King George’s response to the Olive Branch Petition so they decide to declare independence (Declaration of Independece); first true government - Articles of Confederation (The AoC were not written yet. I’m adding this cause it confused me -TK)

Question 27

Thomas Jefferson (American Revolution)

Answer 27

Viewed as one of the youngest and brightest minds in the American colonies; Author of the Declaration of Independence

Question 28

Declaration of Independence

Answer 28

Declaration of war; explains the colonists’ rights to revolution

Question 29

George Washington (American Revolution)

Answer 29

Commander in Chief of Continental Army

*becomes first president

Question 30

The Northern Campaign

Answer 30

Battles of: Boston, NYC, Saratoga, Philadelphia, and Monmouth
Our armies were unprepared; our money meant nothing yet because we were not a real nation yet

Question 31

Battle of Yorktown 1781

Answer 31

British surrender ended the American Revolutionary War

Question 32

American Revolutionary War (summarized)

Answer 32

Colonists lost a lot of battles but kept fighting; French helped; British get tired of fighting in the colonies and want peace so they surrender

Question 33

Articles of Confederation

Answer 33

America’s first government; designed to strengthen the rights of state governments over the federal government; adopted in 1777

Question 34

Problems with Articles of Confederation

Answer 34

The federal government was powerless against state governments who could print their own currency (different exchange rates, money becomes worthless and cheap), create their own trade laws (trade comes to a standstill), control their own militias

Question 35

Shay’s Rebellion 1786

Answer 35

• Armed uprising in Massachusetts in response to a debt crisis among the citizenry and in opposition to the state government’s efforts to collect taxes (on individuals and trade).
• Exposed the weakness of the Articles of Confederation and led many to call for strengthening the federal government in order to put down future uprisings.

Question 36

Alexander Hamiltion (American Revolution)

Answer 36

Lawyer, writer; George Washington’s most trusted officer/advisor during American Revolution; believed the US needed a much stronger federal government and a National Bank

Question 37

James Madison (American Revolution)

Answer 37

Thomas Jefferson’s right hand man; became Virginia’s foremost thinker and speaker, in the absence of Thomas Jefferson (Ambassador to France); believed the fed gov should be stronger, but not too strong that it would infringe on the rights of individuals

Question 38

John Marshall (American Revolution)

Answer 38

Believed in strong federal government; would become very loyal to Washington and Hamilton

Question 39

James Monroe (American Revolution)

Answer 39

Believed federal government should not have too much power; Jefferson’s brightest pupil

Question 40

The Constitutional Convention

Answer 40

Delagates meet in Philadelphia; a series of compromises are made that will create a new system known as the U.S. Constitution

Question 41

The Compromises of the Constitutinal Convention

Answer 41

The Great Compromise, the Three Fifths Compromise, the Commerce Compromsie, the Slave Trade Compromise, the Electoral College Compromise

Question 42

The Great Compromise

Answer 42

A bi-cameral legislature composed of a House of Representatives (based on population) and a Senate (based on representation; 2 per state)

Question 43

The Three Fifths Compromise

Answer 43

3/5 of slaves will be counted towards a state’s population in terms of representation in Congress

Question 44

The Commerce Compromise

Answer 44

Tarrifs will be imposed on imports, but not exports; fed gov now has authority to regulate interstate commerce; any commerce legislation must be passed by 2/3 a vote of Congress

Question 45

The Slave Trade Compromise

Answer 45

The Slave Trade would continue until 1808 (20 more years) and a Fugitive Slave Law would be enacted: Runaway slaves caught anywhere in the United States are to be returned to their owners, anyone helping a runaway slave would face criminal action

Question 46

The Electoral College Compromise

Answer 46

An electoral college was created that would take a popular vote to determine how many electoral votes would be casted for each canidate

Question 47

The Federalist Papers

Answer 47

A series of essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to convince people to support the federal gov; Hamiliton begins to argue for National Bank

Question 48

Bill of Rights

Answer 48

first 10 amendments; Jefferson and Madison alarmed that fed gov might become to powerful so they argue for Bill of Rights to protect individual rights against the fed gov

Question 49

Federalist Party

Answer 49

Promote a strong federal government; George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, John Marshall, John Adams

Question 50

Anti-Federalist Party

Answer 50

Promote states rights and the rights of individuals; Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe