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APUSH > The Progressive Era > Flashcards

The Progressive Era Flashcards

1
Q

Upton Sinclair

A
  • Author of “Into the Jungle’

- Documented poor working conditions in the meatpacking industry

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2
Q

Ida Tarbell

A
  • Author of “History of the Standard Oil Company”

- Exposed Rockefeller’s business practices.

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3
Q

Jacob Riis

A
  • Author of “How the Other Half Lives”

- Documented poor living conditions of cities throughout the U.S. through writings and photographs.

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4
Q

Gustavus Meyers

A
  • Forgotten journalist and historian who focused on the negative impacts of the Industrial Revolution.
  • Focused most of his writings on Cornelius Vanderbilt (and others) and how their wealth had a negative impact on the developments of America.
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5
Q

Lincoln Steffens

A
  • Author of “The Shame of the Cities”

- Dedicated his journalism to investigating city governments and the process by which local leaders were elected.

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6
Q

Margret Sanger

A
  • Author of “How Shall We Change the Law”

- Pushed for healthcare reforms, specifically in making contraceptives more available to women.

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7
Q

Melting Pot

A
  • Many different ethnic groups lived in cities creating a “melting pot” of cultures and ideas.
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8
Q

The Great Migration

A
  • Millions of African Americans escape Jim Crow laws and leave the South in search economic/political rights.
  • 1910 to 1940
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9
Q

Nativism

A
  • The natavist movement resurfaces.
  • Nativism was a reaction against change
  • An attempt to preserve American culture.
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10
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act

A
  • Restricted the number of Chinese immigrants entering the United States.
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11
Q

Muckraker’s Impact

A
  • Federal regulation of business
    • Improve working conditions
    • Improve living conditions
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12
Q

Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal

A
  • Improved Business Practices
  • Improved Working Conditions
  • Improved Living Conditions
  • Conservation
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13
Q

Sherman Antitrust Act

A
  • First legislation that gave the Federal Government power to dismantle Trusts.
  • The language in the Sherman Antitrust Act was too vague to allow trusts to be broken up.
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14
Q

Theodore Roosevelt

A
  • President from 1901 to 1909.
  • McKinley was assassinated, Roosevelt became president because he was VP.
  • Big imperialist.
  • Square Deal.
  • “Speak softly but carry a big stick.”
  • Democrat.
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15
Q

Northern Securities CO v. United States

A
  • Supreme Court rules that the Federal Government has the authority to dissolve a business for violating the Sherman Antitrust Act.
  • The Supreme Court ordered Northern Securities CO to dissolve their partnerships or face further legal action.
  • Republican-Conservatives were angry with Roosevelt but the public loved him.
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16
Q

Elkins Act

A
  • Prohibited railroad companies from giving rebates to their wealthiest customers.
  • (Roosevelt).
17
Q

The Hepburn Act

A
  • Gave more power to the Interstate Commerce Act to set railroad rates for fair pricing.
  • (Roosevelt).
18
Q

Department of Labor

A
  • Roosevelt created the Department of labor to oversee business practices throughout the country.
19
Q

1902 Coal Strike

A
  • Coal workers in Pennsylvania were threatening to strike for better wages and working conditions.
  • Roosevelt invited both sides to the White House to negotiate a deal
  • He helped negotiate a deal that would bring the coal workers back to work without any violence.
  • Roosevelt then helps pass legislation that makes it illegal for a worker to be discriminated against for joining a union.
20
Q

Pure Food & Drug Act 1906

A
  • The Federal Government would create commissions to regulate foods and pharmaceutical drugs that would be sold to the general public.
  • (Roosevelt).
21
Q

Meat Inspection Act 1906

A
  • The Federal Government would create commissions that would inspect meat packing plants across the country to ensure the safety and quality control of meat production.
22
Q

Teddy Roosevelt & Conservation

A
  • Started the National Wildlife Refuge System.

- Increased the National Park System.

23
Q

Platt Ammendment

A
  • Cuba could not sign treaties with foreign powers that impaired their independence.
  • Permitted the U.S. to intervene in Cuba’s affairs to preserve its independence and maintain law & order.
  • Allowed the U.S. to keep naval bases in Cuba.
24
Q

Teddy Roosevelt & Imperialism

A
  • Wanted to increase U.S. markets throughout the Western Hemisphere and Pacific Ocean.
  • Oversaw the the passage of the Platt Amendment in Cuba
  • Looked to increase American domain in Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic.
25
Q

Opening of Japan (blast to the past)

A
  • In 1854 commodore Matthew Perry visits Japan and convinces them to open-up their ports to trade with the U.S.
  • Japan and the U.S. make a treaty which allows the U.S. to sell goods throughout the country (Meiji Restoration).
  • Japan becomes an industrialized nation who trades with the U.S. for natural resources.
26
Q

Annexation of Hawaii

A
  • In the mid-19th century, American farmers moved to Hawaii and began creating Sugar Plantations.
  • Sanford B. Dole took steps, along with U.S. ministers, to increase the size and power of the American planters in Hawaii & negotiating treaties with the Hawaiian monarchy to limit Hawaiian authority
  • 1887 Constitution allowed for the U.S. to build a naval base in Hawaii (Pearl Harbor).
  • Queen Liliuokalani refused to recognize the Constitution and Dole tried to organize a coup against her.
  • The U.S. annexes Hawaii in 1898.
27
Q

Panama Canal

A
  • Canal that runs through Panama connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
  • Was ultimately created to make the U.S. more powerful (symbolized U.S. technological prowess and economic power).
  • Opened in 1914.
28
Q

The Roosevelt Corollary

A
  • Reinforced the the policies set by the Monroe Doctrine.
  • U.S. would continue to invest in the Western Hemisphere and not get involved in European affairs.
  • However, if Europe were to involve themselves in the Western Hemisphere, the U.S. would resort to a military response.
  • ”Speak softly, but carry a big stick.”
29
Q

Roosevelt Steps Down

A
  • After winning reelection in 1904, Roosevelt steps down and goes on a hunting trip in Africa.
  • Picks William Howard Taft to continue the Roosevelt-Policy.
30
Q

William Howard Taft

A
  • Republican.
  • Even though he was hand-picked by Roosevelt, he strayed away from Roosevelt’s policies and sided with more conservative Republicans on the issues of trusts/regulation of businesses.
31
Q

Election of 1912

A
  • Republican Candidate: Howard Taft.
  • Democratic Candidate: Woodrow Wilson.
  • Progressive Candidate: Theodore Roosevelt.
  • Because Roosevelt was so popular, especially amongst Republicans, the Republican Party vote was split between him and Taft which allowed Wilson to have an easy victory.
32
Q

Woodrow Wilson

A
  • Democrat.
  • Racist.
  • Created the Federal Reserve.
33
Q

Woodrow Wilson

A
  • Wanted to reduce the number of trusts/monopolies in order to restore competition.
  • Triple Wall of Privilege.
  • Democrat.
  • Sympathized with the Confederacy and Jim Crow legislation.
  • Fired 15 of the 17 African-Americans who held federally appointed positions.
  • Segregated the army.
  • Said he would not appoint African-Americans to federal jobs where it caused ‘friction’ in his inaugural address.
34
Q

Woodrow Wilson’s Triple Wall of Privilege

A
  • Plan would help improve the following conditions in America:
    1. Tariffs
    2. Trusts
    3. Banking
35
Q

Underwood Tariff Bill

A
  • Reduced Tariff rates from 40% to 26%.
  • Also introduced legislation for the first Income Tax:
    • Tax based on your income.
    • Wealthier pay more than poorer people.
36
Q

Federal Trade Commission Act 1914

A
  • Outlaws unfair business practices in terms of limiting competition and the creation of monopolies.
37
Q

Clayton Antitrust Act 1914

A
  • Strengthened and cleared up confusion from the Sherman Antitrust Act.
  • Allowed individuals, and companies to sue other companies for violating the Clayton Antitrust Act.
  • Would receive triple the damages if convicted.
38
Q

Woodrow Wilson’s Revenue Act of 1913

A
  • Raised Tariffs.

- Created the Federal Income Tax.

38
Q

Federal Reserve

A

-Central bank which helps create monetary policy, interest rates, and supervision of privately run banks.

APUSH (24 decks)

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