The Jacksonian Era

Question 1

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Answer 1

Proclamation that countries of the Western Hemisphere “are not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers”

Question 2

Removal Act of 1830

Answer 2

Congressional act that authorized the removal of all Native American tribes east of the Mississippi to the west; The Trail of Tears and other forced migrations caused the death of thousands

Question 3

The Liberator

Answer 3

Abolitionist newspaper begun by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831

Question 4

Spoils system

Answer 4

System used heavily during the presidency of Andrew Jackson whereby political supporters of the winning candidate are given jobs in the government

Question 5

Nullification

Answer 5

In reaction to tariff legislation passed in 1828, the South Carolina legislature explored the possibility of this, by which individual states could rule on the constitutionality of federal laws

Question 6

Whig Party

Answer 6

• Political party that emerged in the 1830s in opposition to the Democratic Party
• Favored policies that promoted commercial and industrial growth.
• Blend of Jeffersonian Republicans and Federalist beliefs.
• Supported expansion of slavery into the West.

Question 7

Henry Clay’s Corrupt Bargain

Answer 7

John Quincy Adams promises Henry CLay a spot in his cabinet if he was able to convince Congress to vote for him

Question 8

Gibbons vs. Ogden

Answer 8

Supreme Court case in which it is ruled that people need a license to trade and states cannot regulate commerce on interstate trade because the federal government controls trade and banking; this ruling reinforces the power of the federal government

Question 9

Albany Regency

Answer 9

Group created by Martin Van Buren that formed powerful protesting groups, organizations, and committees to fight against “elite” political groups of New York; supports Jackson’s candidacy and the extension of voting rights to white men who don’t own property

Question 10

Democratic Party

Answer 10

New party that is formed by Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, and John C. Calhoun

Question 11

Mudslinging

Answer 11

When a candidate resorts to attacking another candidate’s character in an election

Question 12

Nullification Crisis

Answer 12

• In response to the Tariffs, Calhoun goes back to South Carolina and encourages the state government to nullify the tariffs and secede from the Union
• Henry Clay tries to end this crisis by trying to convince Calhoun to agree to support the new tariff legislation, but Calhoun still resigns as Vice President

Question 13

The Great Triumvirate/ Founders of the Whig Party

Answer 13

Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and Daniel Webster

Question 14

Worcester vs. Georgia

Answer 14

Supreme Court case that rules that no state could negotiate with the Native Americans, only the federal government can

Question 15

Andrew Jackson’s Pet Banks

Answer 15

President Andrew Jackson gives $10 million of the government’s funds to his favorite state banks even though it is unconstitutional to allocate federal funds

Question 16

Trail of Tears

Answer 16

A near 1,000-mile walk of forced Indian removal in which many Native Americans died along the journey

Question 17

Panic of 1837

Answer 17

An economic downturn that results in lower wages, high interest rates, and little economic activity caused by failure of Pet Banks and the acception of only hard currency in banks

Question 18

Cotton Gin

Answer 18

Invention by Eli Whitney that revolutionizes the production of cotton, making it the new cash crop of the South; this invention also promotes Westward expansion

Question 19

Treaty of St. Louis

Answer 19

• William Henry Harrison meets with Native American leaders and made them sign a treaty that had them give-up their lands from Missouri to Wisconsin
• Native Americans were outraged by this deal because they were tricked into signing it because of the language barrier

Question 20

Battle of Tippecanoe 1811

Answer 20

Native Americans try to fight against Harrison’s unfair treaties and forcible removal of the Native Americans, but Harrison’s troops burn the Native American Confederacy of Tribes’ town to the ground

Question 21

War of 1812

Answer 21

Native Americans are on the British’s side because of the Battle of Tippecanoe and the war resulted in Britain suing for peace because they didn’t want a long drawn out war, so the Native Americans are left on their own with their issues with the Americans

Question 22

Erie Canal

Answer 22

Canal built from 1817 to 1823 that turns merchants’ attention to the heart of America rather than Europe

Question 23

Cumberland Road/ National Road/ National Turnpike

Answer 23

First road to be funded by the federal government, encourages westward expansion, and paves the way for an interstate highway system; the project takes over 20 years because it is transferred from federal hands to state hands

Question 24

Black Hawk War

Answer 24

War between Native Americans and the Americans because the Native Americans want to reestablish the lands that were stolen from them in unfair treaties; Black Hawk and his coalition ultimately fail, and Harrison brings Black Hawk to President Jackson, who humiliates him in order to make an example out of him