finishing touches <3333

Question 1

what is cell metabolism

Answer 1

the total set of reactions in a cell

Question 2

do enzymes lower or raise the activation energy for a reaction

Answer 2

lower

Question 3

what happens in a reaction as you increase substrate concentration

Answer 3

the rate of reaction increases but then becomes constant

Question 4

what is respiration

Answer 4

the breakdown of respiratory substrates to release energy

Question 5

what does the phosphorylation in the energy-investment phase of glycolysis result in

Answer 5

the generation of more ATP in the energy pay-off phase

Question 6

what are examples of cellular processes that require energy

Answer 6

protein synthesis, contraction of muscle, active transport, DNA replicationn and carbon fixation

Question 7

how do regulators control their internal environment

Answer 7

metabolism eg water balance, temperature, blood sugar

Question 8

what is homeostasis

Answer 8

the ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions

Question 9

how does negative feedback control return temperature to normal

Answer 9

it uses corrective responses to reverse changes in internal temperature

Question 10

what is vasodilation of blood vessels

Answer 10

increased blood flow to the skin which increases heat loss by radiation

Question 11

what is vasoconstriction of blood vessels

Answer 11

decreased blood flow to the skin which decreases heat loss by radiation

Question 12

does aestivation require more or less energy than hibernation to maintain a minimum body temperature

Answer 12

less

Question 13

what is innate behaviour triggered by

Answer 13

an external stimulus such as photoperiod

Question 14

how may an organism’s metabolic rate be measured?

Answer 14

• measurement of oxygen consumption with a respirometer
• measurement of heat production by with a calorimeter
• measurement of carbon dioxide production with a carbon dioxide probe

Question 15

what type of circulatory system do birds and mammals have

Answer 15

complete double circulation

Question 16

put the order of metabolic rates of fish, birds and reptiles from lowest to highest

Answer 16

• fish
• reptiles
• birds

Question 17

which types of organisms have an internal environment which is dependent on the external environment

Answer 17

conformers

Question 18

which type of organism can live in wider environmental niche -conformers or regulators?

Answer 18

regulators

Question 19

why is thermoregulation critical to mammals

Answer 19

mammals need it to maintain optimum temperature for enzyme activity

Question 20

give two complex compounds sometimes added to culture media to enable certain microorganisms to grow

Answer 20

• vitamins
• amino acids
• fatty acids

Question 21

why does the death phase occur

Answer 21

accumulation of toxic metabolites or lack of nutrients in the culture media

Question 22

what is the difference between total and viable cell counts

Answer 22

• total is the living and the dead cells

- viable is only the living cells

Question 23

give two features of a plasmid that allow it to be an effective vector

Answer 23

• origin of replication
• selectable marker gene
• restriction site
• regulatory sequence

Question 24

when might you use an artificial chromosome rather than a plasmid

Answer 24

if it is a larger section of DNA you are trying to work with

Question 25

name the enzymes involved in recombinant DNA technology

Answer 25

• DNA ligase

- restriction endonuclease

Question 26

what is thermoregulation an example of

Answer 26

negative feedback control

Question 27

what is increased blood flow to the skin for cooling called

Answer 27

vasodilation

Question 28

is it predictive or consequential dormancy if an animal starts hibernation every november

Answer 28

predictive

Question 29

what is the reduction of the metabolic rate for part of the day know as

Answer 29

daily torpor

Question 30

what is a disadvantage of migration

Answer 30

high energy expenditure

Question 31

give examples of how stem cells can be used as model cells in medical research

Answer 31

• development and testing of medicines
• study how diseases develop
• study cell growth and gene regulation