unit 3 KA3 - crop protection

Question 1

what do weeds compete with

Answer 1

crop plants

Question 2

what may damage crop plants

Answer 2

pests and diseases

Question 3

what factors can reduce the productivity of crop plants

Answer 3

weeds, other pests, and diseases

Question 4

what are the properties of annual weeds

Answer 4

• rapid growth
• short life cycle
• high seed output
• long-term seed viability

Question 5

what are the properties of perennial weeds (with competitive adaptations)

Answer 5

• storage organs

- vegetative reproduction

Question 6

what are most of pests of crop plants

Answer 6

inverterbrate animals

Question 7

what are examples of invertebrate animals

Answer 7

• insects
• nematode worms
• molluscs

Question 8

what can cause plant diseases

Answer 8

• fungi
• bacteria
• viruses

Question 9

what often carries fungi, bacteria and viruses

Answer 9

invertebrates

Question 10

what are the cultural methods in order to protect crops

Answer 10

• ploughing
• weeding
• crop rotation

Question 11

what do pesticides include

Answer 11

• herbicides to kill weeds
• fungicides to control fungal diseases
• inseciticides to kill insext pests
• molluscides to kill molusc pests
• nematicides to kill nematode pests

Question 11

what do pesticides include

Answer 11

• herbicides to kill weeds
• fungicides to control fungal diseases
• inseciticides to kill insext pests
• molluscides to kill molusc pests
• nematicides to kill nematode pests

Question 12

what are the two types of herbicides

Answer 12

selective and systematic

Question 13

what are the advantages of using selective herbicides

Answer 13

they have a greater effect on certain plant species (broad leaved weeds)

Question 14

what are the advantages of using systematic herbicides

Answer 14

they spread through vascular system of plant and prevent regrowth

Question 15

how do systematic insecticides, molluscicides, and nematicides protect crops

Answer 15

they spread through the vascular system of plants and kill pests feeding on the plants

Question 16

what are the problems with pesticides

Answer 16

• the toxicity to non-target species
• persistence in the environment
• bioaccumulation or biomagnification in food chains
• producing resistant populations of pests

Question 17

what is more effective than treating diseased crops

Answer 17

applications of fungicides based on disease forecasts

Question 18

what is bioaccumulation

Answer 18

the build up of a chemical in an organism

Question 19

what is biomagnification

Answer 19

an increase in the concentration of a chemical moving between trophic levels

Question 20

what is the control agent in biological control

Answer 20

• a natural predator
• parasite
• pathogen of the pest

Question 21

what is integrated pest management

Answer 21

this is a combination of chemical, biological and cultural control

Question 22

how can control of weeds, other pests and diseases be carried out

Answer 22

using biological control and integrated pest management

Question 23

what are the risks with biological control

Answer 23

the control organism may become an invasive species, parasitise, prey on or be a pathogen of other species