Gene Expression

Question 1

Antibody

Answer 1

Type of protein made by white blood cells to defend the body against antigens.

Question 2

Chromatography

Answer 2

Technique used to separate components of a mixture which differ in their degree of solubility in a solvent.

Question 3

Amino Acid

Answer 3

One of twenty different types of organic compound which are the basic building blocks of protein.

Question 4

Genotype

Answer 4

Genetic constitution of a cell or organism determined by the sequence of bases in its DNA.

Question 5

Hormone

Answer 5

Type of protein that acts as a chemical messenger.

Question 6

Enzyme

Answer 6

Type of protein possessing an active surface which combines with a specific substrate.

Question 7

Gel electrophoresis

Answer 7

Technique used to separate electrically charged molecules by subjecting them to an electric current which forces them to move through a sheet of gel.

Question 8

Hydrogen bond

Answer 8

Weak chemical link holding a polypeptide chain in a coil.

Question 9

Nitrogen

Answer 9

Chemical element present in all proteins in addition to carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Question 10

Peptide bond

Answer 10

Strong chemical link joining adjacent amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 11

Phenotype

Answer 11

Physical and chemical state of a cell or organism produced as a result of gene expression.

Question 12

Protein

Answer 12

Molecule composed of one or more polypeptides folded or coiled into a specific shape.

Question 13

Polypeptide

Answer 13

Chain-like molecule composed of several amino acids.

Question 14

Anticodon

Answer 14

Triplet of bases on a tRNA molecule which is complementary to an mRNA codon.

Question 15

Attachment site

Answer 15

Region on a tRNA molecule to which a specific amino acid becomes temporarily fixed.

Question 16

Codon

Answer 16

Unit of genetic information consisting of three mRNA bases.

Question 17

Exon

Answer 17

Coding region of a gene.

Question 18

Genetic code

Answer 18

Molecular language made up of 64 code words.

Question 19

Intron

Answer 19

Non-coding region of a gene.

Question 20

mRNA

Answer 20

Type of nucleic acid which carries a copy of the DNA code from the nucleus to a ribosome.

Question 21

Post-translational modification

Answer 21

Alteration of protein molecule by cutting and combining its polypeptides.

Question 22

Primary transcript

Answer 22

mRNA strand formed as the complement of a DNA template strand.

Question 23

Ribose

Answer 23

Sugar present in RNA.

Question 24

Ribosome

Answer 24

Sub-cellular structure made of rRNA and protein which is the site of protein synthesis.

Question 25

RNA polymerase

Answer 25

Enzyme which controls transcription.

Question 26

Splicing

Answer 26

Joining of exons from a primary transcript of RNA following the removal of introns.

Question 27

Transcription

Answer 27

Process by which a complementary molecule of mRNA is made from a region of a DNA template.

Question 28

Translation

Answer 28

Conversion of the genetic information on mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide.

Question 29

tRNA

Answer 29

Type of nucleic acid which carries a specific amino acid to a ribosome.

Question 30

Uracil

Answer 30

Base present in RNA that is complementary to adenine.