Food Supply, Plant Growth and Productivity Flashcards

1
Q

Absorption

A

Process by which light is taken in and retained by a leaf.

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2
Q

Absorption spectrum

A

Display/graph showing the quantity of light absorbed by a pigment at different wavelengths of light.

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3
Q

Action spectrum

A

Graph showing the rate of photosynthesis by a green plant at different wavelengths of light.

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4
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Large group of organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

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5
Q

Carotenoids

A

Yellow pigments which absorb light and pass the energy to chlorophyll.

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6
Q

Chlorophylls

A

Green pigments which absorb light in the red and blue regions of the spectrum.

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7
Q

Chromatography

A

Technique used to separate the components of a mixture that differ in their degree of solubility in a solvent.

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8
Q

Cultivar

A

Variety of plant obtained from natural species by selection and/or genetic manipulation and maintained by cultivation.

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9
Q

Food security

A

Ability to access food of adequate quantity and quality.

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10
Q

Nanometre

A

One thousand-millionth of a metre.

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11
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Process by which green plants trap light energy and use it to produce carbohydrates.

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12
Q

Reflection

A

Process by which light bounces off a leaf surface.

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13
Q

Transmission

A

Process by which light passes through a leaf.

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14
Q

Trophic

A

Term referring to a level in a food chain or pyramid.

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15
Q

ATP

A

High energy compound which provides the energy needed to drive the Calvin cycle.

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16
Q

ATP synthase

A

Enzyme which catalyses the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi.

17
Q

Calvin cycle

A

Second stage of photosynthesis during which carbon dioxide is taken up and sugar is synthesised.

18
Q

Carbon dioxide

A

Raw material which supplies carbon atoms to be fixed into carbohydrates.

19
Q

Electron transport chain

A

Group of protein molecules in the membrane of a chloroplast which makes energy available to pump hydrogen ions across the membrane and to split water molecules.

20
Q

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

A

Metabolite in the Calvin cycle used to regenerate RuBP and make sugar.

21
Q

Hydrogen

A

Product of photolysis of water which becomes attached to NADP.

22
Q

Light-dependant reaction

A

First stage of photosynthesis during which light energy is converted to chemical energy.

23
Q

NADP

A

Compound which accepts hydrogen released during the photolysis of water.

24
Q

Oxygen

A

Product of photolysis of water which is required for aerobic respiration.

25
Q

Photolysis

A

Breakdown of water during the light-dependant stage of photosynthesis.

26
Q

Ribulose biphosphate (RuBP)

A

Metabolite in the Calvin cycle which acts as the carbon dioxide acceptor.

27
Q

Rubisco (RuBisCO)

A

Enzyme which fixes carbon dioxide by attaching it to RuBP.

28
Q

Water

A

Raw material which becomes split into oxygen and hydrogen during photolysis.