Genomic sequencing

Question 1

Bioinformatics

Answer 1

Application of statistics and computer science to analyse and compare genetic sequence data.

Question 2

Conserved

Answer 2

Term used to describe DNA sequences found to be very similar in the genomes of two organisms being compared.

Question 3

Divergence

Answer 3

Separation of two groups in a phylogeny when their genomes acquire mutations and become different from one another.

Question 4

Domain

Answer 4

Large group of living organisms such as bacteria, archaea or eukaryotes.

Question 5

Genome

Answer 5

The entire genetic information of an organism encoded in the DNA of a complete set of its chromosomes.

Question 6

Genomics

Answer 6

Application of sequencing and computational procedures to analyse the genomes of organisms.

Question 7

Model organism

Answer 7

Species important for research because it possesses genes equivalent to human genes responsible for inherited disorders.

Question 8

Molecular clock

Answer 8

Use of a molecule that has accumulated mutations over time to construct an evolutionary timescale for groups possessing the molecule.

Question 9

Neutral

Answer 9

Type of mutation whose genetic sequence differs from the original but which still codes for the functional protein.

Question 10

Pharmacogenetics

Answer 10

Study of genomes related to personalised medicine.

Question 11

Phylogenetic tree

Answer 11

Branching diagram showing evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms based on their genomic differences.

Question 12

Phylogenetics

Answer 12

Study of evolutionary relatedness among different groups of organisms.

Question 13

Sequencing

Answer 13

Determining the order of bases on DNA fragments and the order of the fragments in a genome.

Question 14

Single nucleotide polymorphism

Answer 14

A variation in DNA sequence that affects a single base pair in a DNA chain.