VOCAB UNIT 5 Flashcards
Abolition Movement
Definition(5.1) - the movement to end the Atlantic slave trade and free all enslaved people. The first ban was in Denmark then Great Britain. As the Slave trade became banned, slavery also began to decline because there was no supply of slaves.
LO(2) - Because of the enlightenment ideals, people started to believe that everyone deserved equality and this transferred to slavery. Most countries began to abolish slavery and found other forms of labor. The US was a rare country in which the number of slaves had increased after the importation of slaves was legally ended.
Empiricism
Definition(5.1) - The belief that knowledge comes from your experiences and what you learn and observe during those experiences. This theory was developed by Francis Bacon and based reasoning on observational conclusions rather than tradition or religion.
LO(1) - Francis Bacon influenced people to believe what they could observe and not what they are told to believe from places such as religion. Instead, people would test theories or arguments with an experiment.
Enlightenment
Definition(5.1) - These were shifts from tradition and community values to reason and individualism. These became more prominent as empires expanded and their trade routes led to more interactions.
LO(1) - The Enlightenment ideals completely changed society across the world as people began to focus on individualism, freedom, and self-determination. This changed many governments and was first more seen in Europe and these ideals shifted to the east such as Germany, China, and Japan, through westernization.
Suffrage movement (include Wollstonecraft and Seneca Falls)
Definition(5.1) - The suffrage movement was the fight for everyone to gain the ability to vote, specifically women. Many women who had fought for the equality of all skin colors had also been part of the Women’s Suffrage Movement. There were many protests including Seneca Falls and protesters such as Mary Wollstonecraft.
LO(2)- Through the enlightenment ideals, people began to support the rights of women and stand behind the movement. Women had gained suffrage through leaders such as Mary Wollstonecraft who wrote the novel, A Vindication of the Rights of Women.
American Revolution (include leaders, events, and documents)
Definition(5.2) - The American Revolution was mainly inspired by the European Enlightenment philosophy and American colonists’ desire to gain independence. They signed the declaration of independence and gained their independence from Britain. This instilled a sense of social spirit and political independence within the US. There were many important governors involved in the creation of the declaration of independence such as Thomas Jefferson.
LO(3) - Similar to the philosophy of Rousseau, the Americans believed that the government was not following the will of the people and that they deserved the right to reform.
Bolivar Revolution (include leaders, events, and documents)
Definition(5.2) - The Bolivar revolutions began in parts of South America as a desire for independence sprouted from the enlightenment ideals. The creoles, who wanted independence, were not supportive of other indigenous people in spite of fear. On the other hand, some creoles such as Simon Bolivar continued to push for the Enlightenment ideals in Latin America. He wrote his concerns about the topic in his “Jamaica Letter.” Many new nations of Latin America suffered from long wars of independence.
LO(3) - These revolutions in Latin America were inspired by the fight for independence in other countries. Few creoles, such as Simon Bolivar thought they deserved their independence and basic rights. After the revolutions, some of the new constitutions of countries ended social distinctions and abolished slavery, but many governments were still very conservative and indigenous people continued to have little rights.
Classical Liberalism (include John Stuart Mill)
Definition(5.2) - Classical Liberalism was a belief in natural rights, progress, and constitutional monarchy. This came from a limitation of the power of the government on the people. John Stuart Mill also developed the theory called utilitarianism, which states that actions that lead to people’s happiness are right and those to suffering are wrong.
LO(3) - This idea sprouted from the enlightenment ideals, as many scientists and people came up with theories of which natural rights would extend from and true happiness.
French Revolution (include leaders, events, and documents)
Definition(5.2) - The French Revolution was caused by the revolutionary ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity which were seen as radical philosophies from Europe. A big reason for this revolution was the inequality among commoners, creating the National Assembly. Angry crowds began to riot and when it ended the Declaration of the Rights of Man was created.
LO(3) - This revolution was caused by the desire for independence among french commoners and their desire for liberty. When they were denied the limited monarchy by Louis XVI, they started to form angry crowds in France, such as the crowd in Paris that stormed Bastille.
Haitian Revolution (include leaders, events, and documents)
Definition(5.2) - The Haitian Revolution began as a revolt of slaves against their white masters. This revolution was lead by the slave Toussaint L’Ouverture and he established himself as the new governor of the independent state of Haiti. He eventually was captured but Haiti remained a state in which equality and citizenship was accessible among all residents.
LO(3) - This revolution was caused by the slaves who were enraged by their state of captivity and were encouraged by recent revolutions in America and France. This revolution was also encouraged by L’Ouverture and his Enlightenment knowledge helped him become a capable general in the revolution.
Nationalism (include German, Italian, and Argentinian)
Definition(5.2) - Nationalism was a unifying force that brought people in a state together. Nationalism increased in many areas as people felt a common bond with others who spoke their language and shared their history. This was present in Italy in the revolutions and their desire for independence. This was also present in Germany when balance of power became unequal due to strong senses of nationalism and led to war, and in Argentina where their were mass numbers of immigrants from Italy and became a unifying force.
LO(3) - Nationalism became much more popular when the desire for independence increased and countries which gave their citizens independence gained a strong sense of nationalism. It became a unifying force which threatened large empires and united people who shared common culture.
Causes of Industrialization
Definition(5.3) - Two of the most important causes of global Industrialization were natural resources and technology. As technology began to advance, people wanted to become more efficient, and that would come from new industrial sources of economy and machinery. Additionally, the large number of coal deposits in Britain and America were key factors in Industrialization because that is the resource the most new machinery would run on.
LO(4) - As the population growth in places such as Europe grew at a faster rate, there was a new need for machinery. Another agricultural factor was as mentioned, the coal deposits.This was vital for technology such as the steam engine similar to the need for fossil fuels.
Factory System
Definition(5.3) - The factory system was a method of manufacturing using machinery and labor. It was first founded in Britain and the father of this system was considered Richard Arkwright. He developed the waterpower based spinning wheel which was more efficient than a single person’s labor. The introduction of this form of power led to the textile production in factories rather than in houses.
LO(4) - Arkwright used a part of the natural environment that was easily attainable to produce textiles at a much faster rate. The use of water is the main reason for the introduction of factories and mechanization as technology grew.
Industrialization
Definition(5.4) - The development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale. Industrialization was first seen in Britain when the cottage industry system was relocated from workers’ homes to cotton manufacturing in factories. This spread to many other countries in the world as the productivity rates increased and industrial efficiency grew.
LO(5) - A big part of industrialization was the relocation of production sites from workers’ homes into big factories in which could be filled with machines of high production rates.
Fossil Fuels Revolution
Definition(5.5) - The Fossil Fuels Revolution began during the Second Industrial Revolution when the first commercial oil wells were drilled, and a new vast energy source was discovered. Petroleum was the fossil fuel discovered, which came from the remains of plants and animals. The petroleum was used in many different ways such as heaters, precision machinery, engine, and airplane technologies.
LO(6) - The new forms of energy discovered were the most important part of the Industrial Revolution because these energy sources fueled the new technology that allowed us to produce at a faster rate. These technologies changed where and how our labor systems developed as well as the economy in many countries.
Industrial Communication (include Railroad,Steamship, and Telegraph)
Definition(5.5) - Through the newly discovered technologies, not only did our production rates improve our economy, but we also were able to improve our communication rates. This changed through inventions such as the transcontinental railroad which connected the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and facilitated U.S. industrial growth, the steamship which revolutionized sailing compared to our regular mobility, and the telegraph. These new forms of technology all linked farmers, miners, customers, manufacturers, and investors globally.
LO(6) - The new industrial communication allowing for connections between hundreds of countries and people also led to new money for business and a driving force in the Industrial Revolution.
