VOCAB UNIT 6 Flashcards
Social Darwinism (6.1)
Definition- an idea that sprouted from Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution regarding the survival of the fittest. This idea was applied to the current society to argue that the spread of European and U.S. power proved the biological superiority of whites.
LO(1) - an idea used to justify imperialism. In many powerful countries, writers and politicians would use this to justify their mission. A lot of the time, this mission would be related to a civilizing mission or desire to religiously convert indigenous populations.
Belgian Congo (6.2)
Definition- During the Berlin Conference, there were many power-hungry officials urging to stake their claim on land in Africa. One example was King Leopold who wanted to take over the Congo Free State. While he urged that he had the best of intentions, his rule over the state was best described as abusive. He used indigenous people as a free source of labor for personal gain and more than 8 million people died because of his actions.
LO(2) - The state was a perfect example of a shift of state power when the private ownership of the Congo was passed by King Leopold II to the Belgium government. Similarly, there was also a shift in control of Indonesia and Southeast Asia from the Dutch East India Company to the Dutch government.
Berlin Conference (6.2)
Definition- This was a meeting set by Bismarck to keep peace in Europe during the time known as the Scramble for Africa. This was a conference held for only Europeans to put order into the colonization of Africa to agree to boundaries and movement of goods on major rivers in Africa.
LO(2) - This meeting was a way to contain the colonization of Africa as power shifted from African leaders to European leaders. Many incoming Europeans used this meeting as a way to gain new land and exploit the indigenous people for their resources.
Settler Colonies (6.2)
Definition- was an example of Imperialism. This occurred when nations took over new lands with pre-existing settlers and created their own colony with people from the nation coming in to settle the land. It was used to dominate the less populated indigenous people for many reasons including forcing Western conversion, indigenous labor, or forcing populations into extreme poverty.
LO(2) - Two examples of this include the French driving the Ottomans out of Algeria and colonizing the lands, as well as the British annexing the settler colony of New Zealand to become New South Wales.
Suez Canal (6.2)
Definition- This was a waterway that was built by Europeans to gain easy access to Asia. This canal would save them the extensive trip around the entirety of the African continent. While the French managed the project, Egyptians were the ones working on it, and thousands of Egyptians would die while working on the project.
LO(2) - Not only was the waterway an attempt to imperialize Asia, but also led to the shift of power within Egypt. After the Canal was finished, the region threatened the British’ commercial interests and British seized control of Egypt from the Ottomans.
Boxer Rebellion (6.3)
Definition- The rebellion was a fight by Chinese people in their nation who resented imperialism. They believed that European power were attempting to take over their land and they were very against Christianity. They started to riot and protest against Westernization, but most of the uprising ended fairly quick.
LO(3) - The external force of the European nation was the cause of this rebellion. There influence on the Chinese nation lead to conflict between natives and disputes that eroded their nationalism.
Creation of Zulu Kingdom (6.3)
Definition- After the Scramble for Africa, the British had been present near this Kingdom and the British offered an ultimatum to the people, but when they declined, the British decided to take over the colony.
LO(3) - Even though the Kingdom put up a good fight, the British took over the Kingdom. This was because of the British’s unmatchable power, leading them to take over their Kingdom to gain their one desire which was more power.
Indian Rebellion of 1857 (6.3)
Definition- The Rebellion was caused by the British rule in India. The rebellion occurred after Hindus and Muslims grew angry after learning of the use of cows and pigs in weaponry as well as attempted conversion to Christianity. Also led to creation of the Indian National Congress.
LO(3) - The British had a big role in how India was put together, especially because the majority of their armed forces in Indians were actually Indians. Therefore, when they did things that went against their traditional views, many natives angry and started rebellions to fight back.
Tupac Amaru II’s Rebellion in Peru (6.3)
Definition- The Rebellions were caused by his ruling in the Incan empire. His actions (execution of an administrator) led to the last Indian revolt against Spain and this revolt spread around Peru and Bolivia and Argentina. After some time, Amaru and his family were taken and he was forced to watch his wife and sons be executed.
LO(3) - The idea of Imperialism greatly affected many countries during this time period, and the Incan empire had struggled when the rebellion had spread to many countries with similar issues. Amaru’s desire for power led to the end of his rule as citizens fought back against his ideas and killed him in the end.
Xhosa Cattle Killing Movement (6.3)
Definition- The British had fought these people for over 40 years and their cattle started getting sick things changed. They believed that killing the cattle and destroying their crops would bring back the dead cattle’s spirits and help them defeat the British. It actually just lead to famine and the deaths of many of the Xhosa.
LO(3) - The Xhosa Cattle Killing Movement was caused by the British. As seen in other situations, the British’s power was unmatched by all African states, this lead to desperate measures such as the Xhosa who literally got rid of all of their food resources to have a chance at defeating the British.
Export Economy (6.4)
Definition- These type of economies are countries in which there is a big focus on international trade. These export economies became more popular as the demand for raw materials increased that were required for manufactured goods. They would focus on extracting natural resources and profit from the sales to purchase finished goods. Ex- Cotton production in Egypt
LO(4) - The desire for raw materials increased when manufactured goods became more popular. Therefore, countries benefited from products that were native to the country in which they were able to export for sales.
Economic Imperialism (6.5)
Definition- This economic idea was the increased production rate and need for more raw materials as well as new marketplaces. As states became more industrialized they needed a greater supply of raw materials and a bigger customer base, leading to many states becoming cash-crop dependent and creating export economies in other states to supply the raw materials.
LO(5) - The introduction of manufactured goods into many states lead to a more material-based economy. This lead to countries practicing economic imperialism to dominate trade throughout the world. For example, Britain and France expanded their influence in China through Opium wars, and showed dominance when they gained key parts of their trade.
Opium Wars (6.5)
Definition- The wars were two wars fought between the Chinese and the British. They began when the Chinese refused to export any more opium to the British. But since this drug was very important to the British economy, the Chinese paid the price and the British attacked China in many successful battles leading to treaties favoring the British and legalizing this in China.
LO(5) - The idea of economic imperialism led to many countries dominating trade, specifically the British. This is seen when the British basically turned China into an export economy based land to provide the drug for them.
Chinese and Indian Indentured Servitude (6.6)
Definition- These were people who worked for a set number of years before becoming free. Many people did this to overcome poverty through temporary work. This was mainly seen through Chinese and Indian workers who were tricked or forced into servitude.
LO(6) - When countries began to discover that they had profitable natural resources, they began to set up mass exportations of the product. This led to new job openings and many immigrants coming to countries for labor.
Migrant Workers (include Japanese and Argentinians) (6.6)
Definition- There were many migrations because of new job opportunities in which labor was very needed. There were many job opportunities in foreign countries which exported raw materials. Many Japanese sought financial opportunities and moved to the Pacific to work on plantations. Additionally, many Italians were moving to Argentina to work for industrial jobs.
LO(7) - When Industrial economies became more popular in dominant countries. THe export economy based countries also grew, and with them, new job opportunities popped up for exportation labor.
