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MMI 133 > LEC 5 > Flashcards

LEC 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what are viruses

A

non living particles

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2
Q

why are viruses considered non living

A

cannot reproduce outside of eukaryotic cell

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3
Q

STRUCTURE OF VIRUS what is located in middle of virus

A

genome

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4
Q

STRUCTURE OF VIRUS what surrounds genome

A

capsid (protein)

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5
Q

STRUCTURE OF VIRUS what can coat virus

A

lipid envelope

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6
Q

STRUCTURE OF VIRUS what can be inserted into lipid envelope

A

glycoproteins

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7
Q

STRUCTURE OF VIRUS what is the function of glycoproteins

A

allow virus to attach to host cell

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8
Q

STRUCTURE OF VIRUS how does enveloped virus differ from naked virus

A
  • enveloped easier to inactivate using disinfectants / alcohol
  • naked harder to inactivate using disinfectants / alcohol
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9
Q

what is host range of virus

A

specific

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10
Q

what is bacteriophage

A

virus that infects bacteria

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11
Q

how do viruses infect bacteria

A

transfer viral genome to bacteria

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12
Q

what can viral genes passed on by bacteriophage encode for

A

virulence factors that cause bacteria to become disease causing

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13
Q

what is characteristic of RNA virus

A

mutate quickly

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14
Q

what are 6 events of viral infection

A
  1. virus attaches to host cell
  2. virus penetrates host cell
  3. replication of genome
  4. production of protein
  5. assemble new virus
  6. release new virus
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15
Q

what are 2 methods of penetration

A
  1. fusion

2. pinocytosis

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16
Q

what viruses penetrate by fusion

A

enveloped

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17
Q

what happens during fusion

A

lipid envelope fuses w PM

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18
Q

what viruses penetrate by pinocytosis

A

naked

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19
Q

what allows naked viruses to attach to host

A

capsid

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20
Q

what does pinocytosis involve

A

vacuole

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21
Q

what is central dogma

A
  • DNA to mRNA by transcription

- mRNA to protein by translation

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22
Q

how does DNA virus make viral DNA in host

A

hijack eukaryotic cell DNA polymerase

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23
Q

how does RNA virus make viral RNA in host

A

viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase

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24
Q

how are viral proteins made if infected by DNA virus

A
  1. viral DNA transcribed to mRNA

2. mRNA translated to viral protein

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25
Q

how are viral proteins made if infected by RNA virus with pos sense

A
  1. pos RNA translated to viral protein
26
Q

what does pos RNA act as

A

mRNA

27
Q

how are viral proteins made if infected by RNA virus with neg sense

A
  1. neg RNA transcribed to pos RNA

2. pos RNA translated to viral protein

28
Q

what is responsible for transcription from neg RNA to pos RNA

A

viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase

29
Q

how are viral proteins produced if infected by retrovirus

A
  1. RNA reverse transcribed to DNA
  2. DNA transcribed to mRNA
  3. mRNA translated to protein
30
Q

what is responsible for reverse transcription

A

viral RNA dependent DNA polymerase

31
Q

what happens after replication of genome + production of protein

A

genome + protein asscoiate

32
Q

what are 3 possible outcomes of viral infection

A
  1. acute
  2. latent
  3. chronic
33
Q

what happens in acute

A
  1. virus replicates

2. cell lyse

34
Q

what does cell lysing allow (acute)

A

viruses can leave host

35
Q

what happens in latent

A
  1. virus does not replicate
36
Q

what happens in chronic

A
  1. virus replicates

2. cell does not lyse

37
Q

CHICKEN POX what virus causes chicken pox

A

human herpes virus 3

38
Q

ACUTE what are symptoms of chickenpox

A
  1. fever

2. rash / lesions

39
Q

ACUTE where is virus present

A

rash / lesions

40
Q

ACUTE what is mode of transmission

A

airborne

41
Q

ACUTE what stages do do lesions exist in

A

diff stages of develoopment

42
Q

ACUTE what happens when lesions heal

A
  1. virus travels up nerve innervating skin

2. virus settles in dorsal root ganglion +remains dormant

43
Q

SHINGLES what causes shingles

A

hhv3 reactivation from latent phase

44
Q

SHINGLES how does chickenpox differ from shingles

A
  • chicken pox ==> itchy

- shingles ==> itchy + painful

45
Q

what are complications of CP

A
  1. secondary bacterial infections
  2. CNS infections
    a. meningitis (CSF)
    b. encephalitis (brain tissue)
    c. myelitis (nerves)
46
Q

SHINGLES what is complication of shingles

A

post hepatic neuralgia

47
Q

SHINGLES what is neuralgia

A

nerve pain

48
Q

what is hh3 antiviral

A

acylovir

49
Q

what is active immunization

A

live attenuated virus

50
Q

what is live attenuated virus

A

virus that is changed so as not to cause disease

51
Q

what is passive immunization

A

antibody to virus

52
Q

what is the diff bw small pox and chicken pox

A
  • small pox ==> lesions are at same stage of development

- chicken pox ==> lesions are at diff stage of development

53
Q

ONCOGENIC VIRUS how do oncogenic viruses work

A

turn host cell to cancerous cell

54
Q

ONCOGENIC VIRUS what kind of viruses are oncogenic viruses (2)

A
  1. DNA virus

2. RNA virus

55
Q

what are 2 ways of diagnosing virus

A
  1. culture

2. PCR

56
Q

what happens in PCR

A

detect genome of virus

57
Q

what is cytopathic effect (CPE)

A
  • cyto ==> cell

- pathic ==> disease

58
Q

what is syncytia

A

CPE where virus combines cells surrounding host to form large virus producing factory

59
Q

PRIONS what are prions

A

mis folded proteins

60
Q

PRIONS what happens when proteins become unfolded

A

lose function

MMI 133 (7 decks)

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