10B - Vision and attention

Question 1

ewhat is divided attention - alsp reffered as?

Answer 1

also known as multitasking
ability to focus on multiple forms of sensory info

Question 2

waht si the dual task paradigm?

Answer 2

there is a primary and secondary task - ensure performance on both - can be manipulated with diff interventions

performance on both tasks worse than if performed separately

Question 3

what is selective attention and what are hte 2 types?

Answer 3

the ability to focus atteniton on a specific task

exogenous
- external, reflexive
- focus on objects/stimuli that stand out = eg alarm clock
endogenous
- incorporate intention, goal orientation, previous knowledge

Question 4

what is blindess due to and what are the two types

Answer 4

due to attentional demand - can experience blindness to the environment

inattentional blindess - miss somthing

change - blindness –> don’t notice something has changed

Question 5

where is the primary visual cortex located?

how is it arranged?

Answer 5

in the occipital lobe

arranged retinotopically
- specific group of neurons to specific parts of our visual field

Question 6

all visual info apsses throuhg the ____ located in the __

Answer 6

lateral geniculate nucleus
THALAMUS

Question 7

What cortical areas are visual info related to after passing through the lateral geniculate nucleus

Answer 7

V1 (primary visua cortex) and VSA (visual association areas)

Question 8

what theory explains how we process and udnerstand our visual world

Answer 8

two-stream hypothesis theory

Question 9

after the visual signal passes through the eyes, where does it go through

Answer 9

visual associate areas and then to the secondary somatosensory cortex or inferotemporal lobe

Question 10

where is the SS cortex located

Answer 10

located in posterior parietal lobe

Question 11

what is the role of the SS cortex in complex mocement sequences ?

Answer 11

confirming which movements have already taken place

deciding what movements come next

Question 12

what is role of inferotemproal lobe?

Answer 12

visual memory (Input from the hippocampus)

obejct recgonition

understand complex stimuli like faces and scenes

Question 13

the secondary somatosensory cortex is ivolved in the ___ stream

Answer 13

dorsal

Question 14

the inferotemporal lobe is involve din the ___ stream

Answer 14

ventral

Question 15

the dorsal stream is involve din info form the ___ to the ____

Answer 15

primary visual cortec to SS cortex cortext

Question 16

The dorsal stream is the ___ and ___ pthway

involve din obejxt ___ and ___

Answer 16

where and how
object location and motion

detecting and anlyzing movment
spatital awareness andguiden ceof aciton

Question 17

what is apraxia -

Answer 17

damage to the secondary somatosensory cortex

impairs the ability to perform tasks or movements, especially sequences
- planning a dexuting movements is fine

eg putting on shoe before socks
butter before oasting

Question 18

the ventral stream relays info from the ____. it the ___

Answer 18

primary visual cortex to the inferotemporal lovea

Question 19

the ventral stream is the ___pathway

Answer 19

what - object recognition + form representaiton

Question 20

what stream does apraxia effect

Answer 20

dorsal strea m - there where and hoe pathway

Question 21

what stream does visual agnosia effect ?

Answer 21

ventral strea m - what pathways

Question 22

what is visual agnosia?

Answer 22

damage to the inferotemporal lobe impairs the ability to recognize objects

not impaired ability to see but to process and understand what the object is

Question 23

where do ventral and dorsal stream projext?

Answer 23

the prefrontal cortex - decision-making decide what resposne to environemnt

Question 24

the ventral and dorsal stream project to the ___ whihc projects to the ___

Answer 24

the prefrontal cortex, which project to the premotor Cortez

Question 25

what 2 things does the premotor cortex do after reciving signals from prefrontal?

Answer 25

help plan movement projxt to other motor areas

Question 26

deciding on a response and the ability to carry out a response are influenced by what?

Answer 26

the attention you are paying to the tasks - a limited resource

Question 27

what does teh secondary somatosensory cortex do?

Answer 27

confirm which movements have already taken place and decide which movements should follow

Question 28

why is destin able to ride a normal bike ?

Answer 28

the motor plan is correct, and so the movement is executed (reafference matches corollary discharge)

Question 29

why cant destin ride the backwards bik eat first?

Answer 29

The motor plan is incorrect for the task he is doing - corollary discharge (expected response) does not match the reafference (actual response), and so the movement was not executed

Question 30

why can someone learn to ride a backwards bike

Answer 30

when the corollary discharge and reafference do not match, the incorrect signal is sent to the motor cortex, and it updates and adjusts as necessary

Question 31

Lisa sees her coffee cup and wants to pick it up to take a sip of coffee. List the areas that the signal will go through to get from vision to the point in her cortex where she makes a decision on how to pick up the cup

Answer 31

info comes in at retina of eye via optic nerve to lateral geniculate nucleus (thalamus) to the primary visual cortex (V1) relays to occipital lobe relays via dorsal to secondary somatosensory (where and how) and via ventral to inferotemporal (what) that info then goes to the prefrontal cortex - decide what choice to make then to premotor - plan movement

Question 32

Describe the two pathways that somatosensory information can travel touch/proprioception versus pain/temperature) and what information would be inhibited if a spinal cord injury occurred?

Answer 32

medial lemniscal - large fibers carry proprioceptiev + touch spinothalamic - small fibers carry temp and pain SCI on the elft would inghibt info on teh right

Question 33

the medial lemniscal pathway carrys info about

Answer 33

proprioeption and touch

Question 34

the spinothalamic pathway carries info about

Answer 34

temp + pain

Question 35

where does the medial lemniscal pathway crossover? what about spinothalmic?

Answer 35

medial lemniscal enter in Sc and crosses/synapse the brainstem spinothalamic crosses over /synapse in the spinal cord, then travels up on the opposite side of the body

Question 36

as velocity increases we get ___ at identifying flexion and extesnsion in our fingers

Answer 36

better

Question 37

the ___you move your joint the better you get at proprioception

Answer 37

faster

Question 38

explan the relationship between 2 and 4 on the propirioception geaph - what does this sugges tbaout cutaneous receptors?

Answer 38

when cutaneous receptors were added to mucus receptors, nothing changed in correct identification - indicating that cutaneous may not have. a huge role in finger extension

Question 39

what does 4 ( finger flexed) indicated on the proprioception graph.

Answer 39

muscle spindle information was removed - worse

Question 40

when you have only cutaneous information, can u still tell finger flexion and extension

Answer 40

yes 50%

Question 41

what does the graph essential indicate?

Answer 41

All receptors contribute to proprioception - when one was removed, it showed declines in % correct of identifying flexion and extension