11

Question 1

types of microbial control methods

Answer 1

physical
chemical
mechanical

Question 2

autoclave and incinerator example of ______ method

Answer 2

physical

Question 3

autoclave utilizes ______ heat

Answer 3

moist

Question 4

incinerator utilizes _______ heat

Answer 4

dry

Question 5

fresh produced sterilized using gamma rays and x-rays via

Answer 5

irradiation

Question 6

using gases or liquids to achieve disinfection or sterilization

Answer 6

chemical method

Question 7

mechanical control methods include _____ which can help purify air or liquids using filters

Answer 7

filtration

Question 8

ex highly resistant microbes

Answer 8

prions
endospores

Question 9

moderately resistant targets

Answer 9

Pseudomonas
Mycobacterium
Staph aureus
protozoan cysts

Question 10

least resistant microbes

Answer 10

gram positive bacteria
enveloped viruses

Question 11

four methods of control

Answer 11

Sterilization
antisepsis
disinfection
decontamination
(DADS)

Question 12

kills everything including viruses, endospores, and prions

Answer 12

sterilization

Question 13

chemical applications to the exposed body surfaces, wounds, or surgical incisions to destroy vegetative pathogens, also called degermation

Answer 13

antisepsis

Question 14

used on non-living or inanimate objects to destroy vegetative pathogens but not bacterial endospores

Answer 14

disinfection

Question 15

mechanical removal of most microbes and debris to safe levels, also called sanitization

Answer 15

decontamination

Question 16

only method of control that kills all microbial life

Answer 16

sterilization

Question 17

considerations for selecting an effective method of microbial control

Answer 17

safety
cost
results needed

Question 18

agents that kill all microbial life are called

Answer 18

microcidal

Question 19

agents that arrest or prevent the growth of microbes are called

Answer 19

microstatic

Question 20

permanent loss of an organisms reproductive ability even under optimum growth conditions

Answer 20

microbial death

Question 21

antimicrobial agents target these parts/processes of a cell

Answer 21

cell walls
cell/cytoplasmic membranes
protein synthesis/nucleic acid synthesis
affect/denature protein function

Question 22

shortest length of time required to kill all microbes at a specific temperature

Answer 22

thermal death time (TDT)

Question 23

lowest temperature required to kill an organism in 10 minutes

Answer 23

Thermal death point (TDP)

Question 24

four factors that affect/influence microbial death rate

Answer 24

time
microbial load (# of microbes)
type of microbe
type of agent

Question 25

heating water at 100C for at least 30 min

Answer 25

boiling

Question 26

raising the temperatures then cooling the liquid immediately for 23-24hrs over a period of three days

Answer 26

pasteurization

Question 27

pasteurization raising temperature to 71C for 15s

Answer 27

flash method

Question 28

pasteurization temperature 66C for 30 mins

Answer 28

batch method

Question 29

does pasteurization accomplish sterilization

Answer 29

no

Question 30

what industry uses pasteurization most often

Answer 30

milk, beverage

Question 31

uses steam under pressure

Answer 31

autoclave

Question 32

universal standard for autoclaving ____ psi ____C _____mins

Answer 32

15 psi 121C 15mins

Question 33

use dry heat at high temperatures and are used in doctors offices to sterilize instruments using 150-180C heat overnight

Answer 33

ovens

Question 34

uses temperatures upwards of 500C

Answer 34

incineration

Question 35

cold temperatures of -70C to -135C only arrest growth and therefore are

Answer 35

microbistatic

Question 36

preserves food by gradually removing water from it

Answer 36

desiccation

Question 37

method that uses the combination of freezing and drying to remove the formation of ice crystals that would otherwise damage cells

Answer 37

lyophization

Question 38

ionization radiation makes use of ____ energy, _____ wavelength, penetrating rays

Answer 38

high energy, short wavelength

Question 39

types of ionizing radiation

Answer 39

gamma rays xrays cathode rays

Question 40

used to irradiate foods and give longer shelf life, penetrate surfaces, irradiate mail

Answer 40

ionization radiation

Question 41

non-ionizing radiation includes _____ which does not penetrate surfaces well

Answer 41

UV rays

Question 42

most important feature of filters is their _____ size

Answer 42

pore size

Question 43

examples of air filters are the ______ filters which must be changed regularly

Answer 43

HEPA (high efficiency particulate air [filter])

Question 44

leads to the plasmolysis of cells rendering them incapable of multiplication

Answer 44

osmotic pressure

Question 45

most commonly used members of the halogens

Answer 45

chlorine iodine

Question 46

Solid/gaseous form dissolved into water/alcohol to produce a liquid for convenience

Answer 46

aqueous mixture/tincture

Question 47

chlorine based halogen commonly used in swimming pools, sewage treatment, and laundry, but is unstable in sunlight

Answer 47

bleach

Question 48

how does bleach work

Answer 48

kills microbes by denaturing the microbial proteins

Question 49

uses a tincture of the halogen iodine to kill intermediates off the skin and mucous membranes

Answer 49

betadine

Question 50

routinely used to purify water and make it portable by campers or in third world countries

Answer 50

iodine pills

Question 51

commonly used around household surfaces and work by destroying microbial cell walls, cell membranes, and proteins

Answer 51

phenolics (like disinfectant aerosol spray)

Question 52

bactericidal agent against both gram positive and negative bacteria, but not endospores, and used as a pre-op scrub, neo-natal wash, and OB antiseptic

Answer 52

chlorahexidine

Question 53

alcohol denature proteins through coagulation in solutions of ________%

Answer 53

50-95%

Question 54

alcohols are more effective against _____ viruses vs ______ viruses

Answer 54

more effective against enveloped than non-enveloped

Question 55

good to use on deep tissue wounds as it destroys anaerobic bacteria

Answer 55

hydrogen peroxide

Question 56

used in embalming

Answer 56

aldehydes (formaldehyde)

Question 57

aldehyde used to sterilize hospital equipment

Answer 57

glutaraldehyde

Question 58

gaseous steriliants

Answer 58

ethylene oxide propylene oxide

Question 59

highly toxic and are used to sterilize heat-sensitive objects such as plastics

Answer 59

gaseous sterilants

Question 60

anionic soaps act as _____ and do not kill bacteria, but help remove them

Answer 60

surfactants

Question 61

compounds used in ophthalmic solutions and cosmetics

Answer 61

Quats quaternary ammonium compounds

Question 62

extremely toxic metals whose use is restricted today

Answer 62

heavy metal

Question 63

jewelery that acts as a microbial agent

Answer 63

gold silver

Question 64

how gonococcal infections in the eyes of newborn babies exposed to birth canals were prevented

Answer 64

silver nitrate eye drops

Question 65

acidic, safe, pleasant smelling, natural, low-level cleanser, and food pickling agent

Answer 65

vinegar

Question 66

aqeous alkaline additive commonly found in household detergents, cleansers, and deodorizers

Answer 66

ammonium hydroxide

Question 67

extreme bodily response to an infection

Answer 67

sepsis

Question 68

instruments that pose a high risk of infection when exposed to sterile tissue if contaminated

Answer 68

critical devices

Question 69

instruments that come in contact with mucous membrane or non intact skin and require minimal sterilziation

Answer 69

semi-critical devices

Question 70

strong antiseptic hand wash

Answer 70

Hibiclens/ Hibitane/ Peridex all contain chlorahexidine