11. Gastrointestinal system Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 11. Gastrointestinal system Deck (28)
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1
Q

what should the vet ask about when it come to the history? (GI)

A
  1. Eating
  2. Vomiting-regurgitation
  3. Defecation
  4. Anus (observation, palpation)
  5. Feces
  6. Distended abdomen
2
Q

What about eating is important to know?

A

Appetite, weight loss,

picking up, chewing, swallowing

3
Q

what about the defecation is important?

A
  • position (posture)
  • frequency
  • pain, tenesmus, incontinence
4
Q

What about the feces is important?

A

quantity, quality (form,color, smell, consistency, abnormal comp.) fecal digestion test

5
Q

what can the age indicate when it comes to GI problems?

A

Young: infectious diseases

Older: neoplastic diseases, chronic enteropathies

6
Q

Which disease are associated with the german shepherd ?

A

FRE, ARD, IBD; EPI

7
Q

Which disease are associated with the yorkshire terrier, rottweiler,
pug, bolo/havanese; ?

A

Lymphangiectasia

8
Q

What signs do we look for in the feces?

A

Stool volume, mucus, blood, fat

9
Q

What defecation signs do we look for ?

A

Tenesmus, urgency, frequency

10
Q

What are ‘other’ signs we look for when we determine if it is a SI-disease or LI-disease?

A

Vomiting, gas and weight loss

11
Q

What are the main differences between SBD and LBD?

A

SI-disease: stool volume are large, watery and weight loss are common.

LI-disease: the stool volume is small, dense, mucus are common, tenesmus defecation is common and the frequency are >6.

12
Q

what are the additional examination methods for the digestive tract?

A
• Laboratory examination
(blood, urine, feces, gastric content, abdominal fluid)
• X-Ray (plain, contrast, gastric emptying)
• Ultrasound
• Endoscopy (laparoscopy)
• Fluoroscopy
• Abdominocentesis
• Laparotomy
• Biopsy, FNA (cytology)
• CT, MR
13
Q

What are the parts of the digestive tract and how do we examine them?

A

HEAD
– External
– Internal

OESOPHAGUS

ABDOMEN
– Inspection
– Palpation
– Percussion
– Auscultation

ANUS
– Digital rectal palpation RDP

14
Q

How do we examine the head?

A
  • Outer part

- Inner part

15
Q

what on the outer part of the head do we examine?

A

lips, chewing, musculature (cheeks), facial bones

16
Q

what on the inner part of the head do we examine?

A
Oral cavity (mouth):
Cheeks
mucous membrane
teeth
tongue,
hard and soft palate
pharynx
tonsils,
salivary glands and salivation
17
Q

What are the normal teeth of a dog?

A

Dog:
3I 1C 4P 2M
3I 1C 4P 3M

18
Q

What are the normal teeth of a cat?

A

Cat:
3I 1C 3P 1M
3I 1C 2P 1M

19
Q

What do you check when checking the teeth?

A
Number
shape
occlusion/closure
surface
colour,
tartar (plaque/cremor/calculus)
pain
movability,
percussion sound
20
Q

What do you check on the tongue?

A

– Shape, size, surface (lesions,papillas), colour, consistency/ tone, movability

21
Q

What do we check on the gingiva?

A

Colour, surface intactnes, moisture

22
Q

What do we check on the salivary glands

A

Size, colour, surface

23
Q

what do you examine in the oesophagus:

A
• Topographical anatomy
• Function
• Examination technique
-inspection
-palpation
• Additional examination
Xray, (plain, contrast) oesophagoscopy
24
Q

what are the check points for the inspection of the abdomen?

A

-size
-form
(from both sides and above body change position)
-skin surface, haircoat
-local deformaties, mass

25
Q

what are the check points for the palpation of the abdomen?

A
  • standing position (should be changed)
  • palpation with one or two hands from cranial to caudal
  • superficial-deep palpation
Check:
Painfulnes
- Temperature
- Abdominal wall (thickness, defance
- palpable digestive organs: (stomach), liver, intestinal tract, (lnn, pancreas)
- foreign bodies!!!
26
Q

What are the check points for the percussion of the abdomen?

A
-finger to finger
abnormal findings:
-organs filled with gas and/or fluid
-organ enlargement
(local damping with fixed position)
-undulation test
-undulation/pseudoundulation
27
Q

What are the check points for the auscultation of the abdomen?

A
-detection of intestinal sounds
(borborygmi)
-Detection of changes of normal sounds
-splashing
-crepitation
28
Q

How do we examine the anus?

A

-Inspection and outer palpation
-Rectal (digital palpation)
constipation, bones, prostate, ln
-rectoscopy