11. How do we know that we are facing a biodiversity crisis?

Question 1

what does IUCN tell us

Answer 1

tell us which species are going extinct
red list tells you which species is at risk

Question 2

what are 2 UN led intiatives

Answer 2

IPBES - biodiversity crisis

IPCC- climate crisis

Question 3

indicators of biodiversity decline
( most obvious )

Answer 3

higher vertebrate extincion, tracked by IUCN

Question 4

which taxonomic group in IUCN has decreased so dramatically

Answer 4

Corals

Question 5

do non assesed species have same threatened rate as the ones assessed

Answer 5

yes we assume so

Question 6

which type of plants are most threatened

Answer 6

cycads

Question 7

what types of invertebrates are most threatened

Answer 7

warm water reef forming corals

Question 8

which mammals are most threatened

Answer 8

Sharks, amphibians and mammals

Question 9

which species are most critically endangered

Answer 9

cycads
amphibians
conifers
mammals

Question 10

cycads

Answer 10

ancient group of gymnosperms
living fossil from long time ago

Question 11

distribution of red-listed species

Answer 11

MOST AT RISK SPECIES are at biodiverse places

central Asia is high

at areas where there are less resources put for conservation

overfishing and by-catch

Question 12

human impact and biodiversity locations

Answer 12

where human activity is more, diversity is more threatened

Question 13

agro-biodiversity

Answer 13

most domesticated animals bred fro specific traits, uniqueness is being lost

Question 14

why is agro biodivesrity at risk

Answer 14

less animal breeds being maintained
lots at risk of extinction due to local adaptations

Question 15

how many percnt of all breeds are endangered or more severe

Answer 15

17%

Question 16

which breeds are most at risk because of agro biodiversity

Answer 16

rabbits
alpacas
llamas
geese
chicken
pigeons

Question 17

why are crop wild relatives also at risk

Answer 17

hotpsots are at risk as it jeopardizes genetic diversity that could be used to develop new varieties

hotspots are in arab countries and europe

Question 18

what is a crop that is importaant but has low prioirty

Answer 18

wheat

Question 19

which crops should we be most concerned about

Answer 19

rice and maize

Question 20

other declines in nature

Answer 20

natural ecosystem decline

species extinction risk

abundance of naturally presenting species have declined, not introduced by people

bigger animals are fewer

indigenous communities have deterioration of elements of nature

Question 21

has earth seen rapid loss of biodivserity before

Answer 21

yes 5 mass extinctions
due to CO2 implications

Question 22

What are the 5 events that caused biodiversity loss in the past

Answer 22

ordovician event
devonian event
permian event
triassic event
cretaceous event

Question 23

most species were lost in which event in past

Answer 23

Permian event

Question 24

what are some hypothesized causes of these events

Answer 24

glacial episodes
mountain formation
CO2 sequestered
global cooling then warming
volcano eruptions
asteroid impact

Question 25

75% threshold for many taxa and it has only been

Answer 25

500 years

Question 26

we currently are in our...

Answer 26

6th mass exticntion based on threshold hit

Question 27

indiret drivers of biodiversity decline

Answer 27

anthropogenic mainly demographic sociocultura economic technological governance conflicts epidermics

Question 28

direct drivers ofo biodiversity decline

Answer 28

actual causes of decline land use change exploitation climate change pollution invasive alien species

Question 29

primary factor causing biodiversity decline on land is

Answer 29

human driven land use change

Question 30

most important driver of biodiversity decline in marine systems

Answer 30

exploitation such as overfishing

Question 31

are land and sea still pristine (in original state)

Answer 31

no, mainly due to anthropogenic reasons

Question 32

what are the 2 main drivers of natural ecosystem decline dependent on habitat

Answer 32

climate change sea and land use change

Question 33

climate change is most obvious in which habitats

Answer 33

polar and alpine (tundra)

Question 34

land use change example

Answer 34

clearing of tropical forests is huge factor

Question 35

do protected areas represent significant wilderness

Answer 35

no

Question 36

protected areas are an example of

Answer 36

driver of biodiversity loss

Question 37

are major rivers of the world free flowing

Answer 37

no

Question 38

most remainting long free flowing rivers are in the

Answer 38

arctic or in rivers too large to be devleoped

Question 39

what impacts river connectivity

Answer 39

fish harvesting loss of flow connectivity disturbed making dams irrigation systems

Question 40

least flow rivers are in

Answer 40

northern africa

Question 41

most floow rivers are in

Answer 41

north america russia south america

Question 42

how does population and economics affect biodivesrity

Answer 42

indirect driver increased consumption higher GDP higher global trade

Question 43

how does nature's material contribution demand affect biodiversity

Answer 43

25% of biomass is extracted and used extraction of living materials increased

Question 44

what is the most extracted resource from nature

Answer 44

non metallic minerals like stones and salt and rocks for construction biomass is second, food and crops residues

Question 45

higher income countries vs lower income countries on biodiversity loss

Answer 45

footprint oof high income countries exported to middle and lower income countries, increasing extraction of living materials richer countries consume most, but extract less because this job left for lower income countries poorer countries lost biodiversity more but still lower GDP growth richer countries have gained intactness and gone richer higher income countries benefitted economically from biodiversity loss in other poorer countries

Question 46

wealth and biodiversity loss

Answer 46

all indirect drivers except protected areas correlate negatively with biodiversity

Question 47

less space per person is associated with better or worse biodiversity

Answer 47

better