7. how is biodiversity distributed globally

Question 1

what are species-rich ecosystems

Answer 1

tropical wet and dry forests
Mediterranean climates
coral reefs
deep sea

Question 2

how many percent of world is tropical forest and how many species are there %

Answer 2

7%

50%

many are likely insects

Question 3

where are thee largest area of tropical forests

Answer 3

amazon basin

Question 4

wchich country has high sepcies diveristy forests

Answer 4

brazil, mainly north

Question 5

how many percent of world is coral reefs and how many species are there %

Answer 5

0.1%

33% fish species

Question 6

what are corals

Answer 6

polyps with calcium carbonate skeletons

algae live in it

mutualistic photosynthetic

found in shallow waters

Question 7

what model explains speciation

Answer 7

biodiveristy feedback model

Question 8

HOW CAN SPECIATION OCCUR SO OFTEN WITH ALLOPATRY

Answer 8

happens in peripheral places then species feed back

Question 9

what is a species that has genetic connectivity to 2/3 of planet

Answer 9

moray eel

Question 10

why is deep sea species rich

Answer 10

stable environment

nutrient seepage from the sea floor so no light is needed

Question 11

why is mediterranean communities species rich

Answer 11

cape floristic region of South Africa
lack of glaciation
complex sites create niches
high fire frequency limits dominance

Question 12

endemism meaning

Answer 12

species found in only one location

Question 13

what are places wiht high amounts of endemism called

Answer 13

biodiversity hotspots

Question 14

what are popular biodiversity hotspots

Answer 14

terrestrial and aquatic areas

Question 15

what are mostly found in biodiveersity hotspots

Answer 15

plants

Question 16

what environmental factors drove species diveristy

Answer 16

moisture( rainfall ) and temperature

Question 17

species richness with elevation relationship

Answer 17

higher elevation less richness

Question 18

latitude and richness

Answer 18

closer to equator , more species richness

Question 19

do tropical areas or temperatures areas have higher richness

Answer 19

tropical

Question 20

what are deviations from normal pattern with higher species richness

Answer 20

environmentally complex areas that have little change over geological time

Question 21

what does environmetal complexity do

Answer 21

genetic isoaltion and local adaptation

Question 22

what does great geological age do

Answer 22

stability and time

Question 23

what do environmental complexity and great geological age lead to

Answer 23

speciation

Question 24

species richness is higher in smaller or larger areas

Answer 24

larger

Question 25

why do larger areas lead to speciation more

Answer 25

more specialized habitats = more potential for isolation = more speciation

Question 26

where are the big areas for speciation found in the ocean

Answer 26

indo-pacific
less in atlantic

Question 27

why is tropic richness better than temperate (summary)

Answer 27

1. warmer, more rain, more primary productivity
2. glaciation has led to unstable climates as it destroys adapted species to disperse, thus these places are better
3. higher temp and higher humidity are easier to handle, less adaptations are needed for cold
4. bigger area, more unique habitats, lower rates of extinction because more area to disperse