1.1 Scrotum- Normal

Question 1

Externally, what divides the scrotum into 2 compartments? (R+L)

Answer 1

Raphe

Question 2

Internally, what merges centrally to form internal scrotal septum

Answer 2

Dartos tunica

Question 3

What is the thickeness of scrotal wall

Answer 3

2-8mm

Question 4

The scrotal sac is lined by the?

Answer 4

Tunica vaginalis

Question 5

The Tunica vaginalis has 2 layers

Answer 5

1. parietal - adhere to sac
2. Visceral - adhere to testicles
   1-2 ml of fluid between layers is normal

Question 6

What 4 things does the scrotum contain

Answer 6

1. Testicles
2. epididymis
3. vas deferens
4. spermatic cord

Question 7

The oval testicles produce (2)

Answer 7

Sperm & teststerone

Question 8

The length in an adult is?

Answer 8

3-5 cm

Question 9

The width in an adult is?

Answer 9

2-4

Question 10

The AP in an adult is?

Answer 10

3 cm

Question 11

Do the testicles increase of decrease with age?

Answer 11

decrease

Question 12

What is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the testies

Answer 12

Tunica Albugina (whiteish)

Question 13

Invaginations of the Tunica albugina divide testicles into ?

Answer 13

lobules (250-400) per testie

Question 14

Lobules contain seminiferous tubules which is the site of

Answer 14

Spermatgogensis (formation of sperm)

Question 15

Where does the Tunica Albuginea form the mediastinum

Answer 15

posteriorly

Question 16

The mediastinum forms support (framework) for testicular vessels and ?

Answer 16

Ducts

Question 17

What are the seminiferous tubules located in the mediastinum?

Answer 17

The rete testes

Question 18

The rete testes join to form the?

Answer 18

Efferent ducts

Question 19

The efferent ducts carry_______ to the _________

Answer 19

Seminal fluid ; epididymis

Question 20

Testes are tethered to the scrotal wall by the _____ layer

Answer 20

Visceral

Question 21

The point of attachment is posterior and is known as the ?

Answer 21

Bare Area

Question 22

The bare area is not covered by ?

Answer 22

Peritoneum

Question 23

What is included in the bare area

Answer 23

Posterior testis and epididymis

Question 24

What is the remnant of the mullerian duct that has no function?

Answer 24

The appendix testes

Question 25

Where is the appendix testes located if there is one? | incidental finding

Answer 25

The upper pole

Question 26

What is the common shaped structure that is located Superior and posterolateral

Answer 26

Epididymis

Question 27

Where does the tail of the Epididymis empty into?

Answer 27

The Vas deferens

Question 28

How long is the Epididymis

Answer 28

6-7 cm

Question 29

How is the Epididymis formed?

Answer 29

Convergence of the efferent ducts from the rete testes

Question 30

The Epididymis HEAD is also known as the?

Answer 30

globus major

Question 31

The Epididymis has 3 parts. Name the thickness of each

Answer 31

Head (10-12 mm) Body (2-4 mm) Tail (2-5mm)

Question 32

The Epididymis function (3)

Answer 32

1. Converys sperm to Seminal vesicles (RESERVOUIRS seminal fluid) 2. Stores sperm 3. Matures sperm

Question 33

Just like the appendix teste you can have appendix Epididymis. It is typically seen with a?

Answer 33

Hydrocele

Question 34

The Epididymis appendix is from the _____ duct | Remember the The appendix testes was from the mullerian duct

Answer 34

Mesonephric (wolffian)duct

Question 35

What connects the testes to the pelvis/abdomen and suspends the testes in the scrotum?

Answer 35

Spermatic cord

Question 36

Where does the spermatic cord travel thru?

Answer 36

the inguinal canal

Question 37

What does the spermatic cord contain? (5)

Answer 37

1. Vas Deferens 2. Arteries 3. Pampiniform plexus (network of veins that drain testes) 4. lymphatic 5. nerves

Question 38

What are the 3 Arteries associated with the scrotum?

Answer 38

1. Testicular 2. Differential 3. Cremasteric arteries

Question 39

The testicular arteries (supply testes) originate at the?

Answer 39

Aorta anteriorly

Question 40

The deferential arteries are branches of the inferior vesical artery and supply the? (2)

Answer 40

Epididymis and VasDeferns

Question 41

The cremasteric arteries are branches of the inferior epigastric artery and supply the?

Answer 41

peri testicular tissue

Question 42

Venous drainage of the scrotum occurs via the?

Answer 42

pampiniform plexus (network or collection of veins)

Question 43

Pampiniform plexus empties into the?

Answer 43

testicular veins

Question 44

The Right testicular vein drains directly into the?

Answer 44

IVC*

Question 45

The Left testicular vein drains directly into the?

Answer 45

Left renal vein*

Question 46

With doppler the testicular artery is a what waveform?

Answer 46

Low resistance. (bc it is a reproductive organs.

Question 47

With doppler the cremasteric and the deferential artery is a what waveform?

Answer 47

High resistance

Question 48

What frequency of transducer do we want to use for the exam?

Answer 48

12Mhz or higher

Question 49

Indications for performing a scrotal US

Answer 49

1. Palpable mass 2. pain 3. Enlarged 4. Cystic vs solid 5. Torsion 6. Undescended testes 7. trauma 8. post orchiectomy (removal of testicle)

Question 50

Sonographic appearance of testes?

Answer 50

Homogenous with medium level echoes (similar to thyroid)

Question 51

The mediastinum Sagittal on US appearance?

Answer 51

hyperechoic line from Sup to Inf

Question 52

The mediastinum TRV on US appearance?

Answer 52

Hyperechoic region medially

Question 53

Rete testes not usually seen in normal but can appear as ?

Answer 53

tiny cystic areas

Question 54

The US apperance of the Epididymis is?

Answer 54

slightly hyper or isoechoic to the testicle and coarser